scholarly journals Exploring the Roles of lncRNAs in GBM Pathophysiology and Their Therapeutic Potential

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Christian T. Stackhouse ◽  
G. Yancey Gillespie ◽  
Christopher D. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Recurrent Gbm

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most devastating primary central nervous system malignancy with a median survival of around 15 months. The past decades of research have not yielded significant advancements in the treatment of GBM. In that same time, a novel class of molecules, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has been found to play a multitude of roles in cancer and normal biology. The increased accessibility of next generation sequencing technologies and the advent of lncRNA-specific microarrays have facilitated the study of lncRNA etiology. Molecular and computational methods can be applied to predict lncRNA function. LncRNAs can serve as molecular decoys, scaffolds, super-enhancers, or repressors. These molecules can serve as phenotypic switches for GBM cells at the expression and/or epigenetic levels. LncRNAs can affect stemness/differentiation, proliferation, invasion, survival, DNA damage response, and chromatin dynamics. Aberrant expression of these transcripts may facilitate therapy resistance, leading to tumor recurrence. LncRNAs could serve as novel theragnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GBM and other cancers. RNA-based therapeutics may also be employed to target lncRNAs as a novel route of treatment for primary or recurrent GBM. In this review, we explore the roles of lncRNAs in GBM pathophysiology and posit their novel therapeutic potential for GBM.

scholarly journals Epigenomic regulation of heart failure: integrating histone marks, long noncoding RNAs, and chromatin architecture

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. McKinsey ◽  
Thomas M. Vondriska ◽  
Yibin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Epigenomic Regulation ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Epigenetic processes are known to have powerful roles in organ development across biology. It has recently been found that some of the chromatin modulatory machinery essential for proper development plays a previously unappreciated role in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease in adults. Investigations using genetic and pharmacologic gain- and loss-of-function approaches have interrogated the function of distinct epigenetic regulators, while the increased deployment of the suite of next-generation sequencing technologies have fundamentally altered our understanding of the genomic targets of these chromatin modifiers. Here, we review recent developments in basic and translational research that have provided tantalizing clues that may be used to unlock the therapeutic potential of the epigenome in heart failure. Additionally, we provide a hypothesis to explain how signal-induced crosstalk between histone tail modifications and long non-coding RNAs triggers chromatin architectural remodeling and culminates in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Theranostics Targets in Oral Carcinoma Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Yi-Wen Liao ◽  
Martin Pichler ◽  
Cheng-Chia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Stemness ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Significant Attention

Oral cancer belongs to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and has been recognized as one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may participate in tumor initiation, metastasis and even recurrence, so the regulation of CSCs has drawn significant attention over the past decade. Among various molecules that are associated with CSCs, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been indicated as key players in the acquisition and maintenance of cancer stemness. In addition, accumulating studies have shown that the aberrant expression of these ncRNAs may serve as surrogate diagnostic markers or even therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. The current study reviews the previous work by us and others to summarize how these ncRNAs affect oral cancer stemness and their potential theranostic applications. A better understanding of the implication of these ncRNAs in oral tumorigenesis will facilitate the translation of basic ncRNA research into clinical application in the future.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer: From EMT to Drug Resistance

Onco ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Bruno Takao Real Karia ◽  
Camila Albuquerque Pinto ◽  
Carolina Oliveira Gigek ◽  
Fernanda Wisnieski ◽  
Marilia Arruda Cardoso Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The treatment of GC patients improved due to advancements in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the long-term survival rate of patients with gastric cancer remains around 20%. Thus, development of novel therapeutic approaches is of great interest, in order to reduce the need for mutilating surgeries and morbid adjuvant therapies. For many years, it was believed that the RNA was a mere intermediate molecule in the genetic information flow. However, during the past decades, with the advent of new sequencing technologies, it was revealed that non-coding RNAs play important roles in many different biological processes. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been reported to regulate crucial events during neoplasic development, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus on microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in gastric cancer tumorigenesis via modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provided some biomarkers to prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy.

scholarly journals Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lin ◽  
Xiaosong Xiang ◽  
Bing Feng ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth-ranked cancer worldwide with a relatively low five-year survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs are a group of RNAs with remarkable aberrant expression which could act on multiple bioprocesses and ultimately impact upon tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer cells including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to be indispensable targets in clinical target therapy to stop the growth of cancer and prolong the lifespan of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we enumerate the signaling pathways and life activities affected by long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to illustrate the role of long non-coding RNAs in the development and therapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.

MiR-378 promotes the cell proliferation of osteosarcoma through down-regulating the expression of Kruppel-like factor 9

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Peng ◽  
Zhigang Miao ◽  
Liguo Wang ◽  
Binbin Liu ◽  
Guijiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Molecular Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in a variety of biological processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs is tightly associated with the malignancy of cancers. Aberrant expression of miR-378 has been observed in human cancers; however, the function of miR-378 in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that miR-378 was highly expressed in human OS tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-378 significantly promoted the cell proliferation of OS cells. Molecular studies identified Kruppel-like factor-9 (KLF9) as a functional downstream target of miR-378. MiR-378 directly bound to the mRNA 3′-UTR region of KLF9 and suppressed the expression of KLF9. Highly expressed KLF9 reversed the promoting effect of miR-378 on the proliferation of OS cells. The expression level of miR-378 was negatively correlated with that of KLF9 in OS tissues. Collectively, our results demonstrated the molecular interaction between miR-378 and KLF9, indicating the therapeutic potential of miR-378 for OS.

scholarly journals Decoding the Oncogenic Signals from the Long Non-Coding RNAs

Onco ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-206
Author(s):  
Revathy Nadhan ◽  
Danny N. Dhanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Insight Into

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Multifactorial etiology of cancer and tumor heterogeneity are the two most acute challenges in existing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer. An effective precision cancer medicine strategy to overcome these challenges requires a clear understanding of the transcriptomic landscape of cancer cells. Recent innovative breakthroughs in high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified the oncogenic or tumor-suppressor role of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs have been characterized as regulating various signaling cascades which are involved in the pathobiology of cancer. They modulate cancer cell survival, proliferation, metabolism, invasive metastasis, stemness, and therapy-resistance through their interactions with specific sets of proteins, miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, or DNAs in cells. By virtue of their ability to regulate multiple sets of genes and their cognate signaling pathways, lncRNAs are emerging as potential candidates for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. This review is focused on providing insight into the mechanisms by which different lncRNAs play a critical role in cancer growth, and their potential role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

scholarly journals The genetics and molecular biology of T-ALL

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Girardi ◽  
Carmen Vicente ◽  
Jan Cools ◽  
Kim De Keersmaecker
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy caused by the accumulation of genomic lesions that affect the development of T cells. For many years, it has been established that deregulated expression of transcription factors, impairment of the CDKN2A/2B cell-cycle regulators, and hyperactive NOTCH1 signaling play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of this leukemia. In the past decade, systematic screening of T-ALL genomes by high-resolution copy-number arrays and next-generation sequencing technologies has revealed that T-cell progenitors accumulate additional mutations affecting JAK/STAT signaling, protein translation, and epigenetic control, providing novel attractive targets for therapy. In this review, we provide an update on our knowledge of T-ALL pathogenesis, the opportunities for the introduction of targeted therapy, and the challenges that are still ahead.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA and Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381984388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianzhu Zhang ◽  
Hui Hu ◽  
Ge Yan ◽  
Tangwei Wu ◽  
Shuiyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Breast cancer, one of the most common diseases among women, is regarded as a heterogeneous and complicated disease that remains a major public health concern. Recently, owing to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, long non-coding RNAs have received extensive attention. Numerous studies reveal that long non-coding RNAs are playing important roles in tumor development. Although the biological function and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs remain enigmatic, recent researchers have demonstrated that an array of long non-coding RNAs express abnormally in cancers, including breast cancer. Herein, we summarized the latest literature about long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer, with a particular focus on the multiple molecular roles of regulatory long non-coding RNAs that regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis.

Exosomal non-coding RNAs: a promising cancer biomarker

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
Hailong Fu ◽  
Wenrong Xu ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractNovel and non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed for early detection of cancer. Exosomes are nano-sized particles released by cells and contain various bioactive molecules including proteins, DNA, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes play critical roles in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Exosomes could be readily accessible in nearly all the body fluids. The altered production of exosomes and aberrant expression of exosomal contents could reflect the pathological state of the body, indicating that exosomes and exosomal contents can be utilized as novel cancer biomarkers. Herein, we review the basic properties of exosomes, the functional roles of exosomes in cancer, and the methods of detecting exosomes and exosomal contents. In particular, we highlight the clinical values of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Horizontal Gene Transfers in Plants

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Emilie Aubin ◽  
Moaine El Baidouri ◽  
Olivier Panaud
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Generation Sequencing

In plants, as in all eukaryotes, the vertical transmission of genetic information through reproduction ensures the maintenance of the integrity of species. However, many reports over the past few years have clearly shown that horizontal gene transfers, referred to as HGTs (the interspecific transmission of genetic information across reproductive barriers) are very common in nature and concern all living organisms including plants. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has opened new perspectives for the study of HGTs through comparative genomic approaches. In this review, we provide an up-to-date view of our current knowledge of HGTs in plants.

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