Stability of Anthocyanin from Mulberry Extracts in Alginate Microspheres at High Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yamdech ◽  
Pornanong Aramwit ◽  
Sorada Kanokpanont
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Alginate Solution ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
External Gelation ◽  
Mulberry Fruit ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Mulberry Fruits

The aim of this study was to investigate stabilities of anthocyanins from mulberry fruits extracts in alginate microspheres. The total anthocyanins contents measured from water extracts of mulberry fruits (Chiangmai/Jul cultivars) were at 10.46±0.51 mg/g DW and 15.31±0.86 mg/g DW (Chiangmai/Korat cultivars). At high temperature the extracts lost their anthocyanin contents to 52%wt (at 100°C for 5 hour) and 73%wt (at 121°C for 20 min). Alginate microspheres were prepared using external gelation methods. Sodium alginate solution (2.5%w/v) was sprayed into CaCl2solution (0.1M) through a nozzle at N2flow rates of 20 L/min. The average bead sizes were at 342.03±3.21µm. Anthocyanins loading on alginate microspheres were at 2.283±0.15 mg/g dry weight. At 80(10h), 100(5h) and 121°C(20min), Anthocyanins retention were at 91%wt, 82%wt and 89%wt, respectively. Adsorption of anthocyanins from mulberry fruit extracts on alginate microspheres resulted in a greater stability at high temperature than that of the free anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Variations in Anthocyanin Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of 12 Genotypes of Mulberry (Morus spp.) Fruits and Their Changes during Processing

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inhwan Kim ◽  
Jihyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mulberry Fruit ◽  
Mulberry Fruits ◽  
Anthocyanin Composition

Mulberry fruits are known as rich sources of anthocyanins and are consumed in syrup form after the addition of sugar and acid; however, there is little information on the anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity of mulberries of different cultivars and their changes during processing. To address this, the antioxidant activity and anthocyanin composition of 12 cultivar mulberry fruit cultivars were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight. Additionally, different quantities of citric acid were used to evaluate antioxidant activities and anthocyanin composition of mulberry syrup. Sixteen anthocyanins were identified in mulberry fruits using accurate mass spectrometry. Several anthocyanins were tentatively identified for the first time in mulberry fruits and include: malvidin hexoside, cyanidin malonyl hexose hexoside, cyanidin pentoside, cyanidin malonyl hexoside, petunidin deoxyhexose hexoside, and cyanidin deoxyhexoside. The major anthocyanin in mulberries was cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, followed by cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. Morus Alba L. Iksu showed the highest cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content (8.65 mg/g dry weight) among 12 mulberry fruit cultivars. As citric acid levels increased, mulberry syrup showed significantly higher antioxidant activity (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dynamic Properties of Sodium-Alginate-Reinforced Soil Using A Resonant-Column Test

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2743
Author(s):  
Seongnoh Ahn ◽  
Jae-Eun Ryou ◽  
Kwangkuk Ahn ◽  
Changho Lee ◽  
Jun-Dae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Resonant Column ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Alginate Solution ◽  
Resonant Column Test

Ground reinforcement is a method used to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes. Usually, cement-based reinforcement methods are used because they are inexpensive and show excellent performance. Recently, however, reinforcement methods using eco-friendly materials have been proposed due to environmental issues. In this study, the cement reinforcement method and the biopolymer reinforcement method using sodium alginate were compared. The dynamic properties of the reinforced ground, including shear modulus and damping ratio, were measured through a resonant-column test. Also, the viscosity of sodium alginate solution, which is a non-Newtonian fluid, was also explored and found to increase with concentration. The maximum shear modulus and minimum damping ratio increased, and the linear range of the shear modulus curve decreased, when cement and sodium alginate solution were mixed. Addition of biopolymer showed similar reinforcing effect in a lesser amount of additive compared to the cement-reinforced ground, but the effect decreased above a certain viscosity because the biopolymer solution was not homogeneously distributed. This was examined through a shear-failure-mode test.

scholarly journals Integrated Transcriptomic and Un-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Mulberry Fruit (Morus atropurpurea) in Response to Sclerotiniose Pathogen Ciboria shiraiana Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Bao ◽  
Hongpeng Gao ◽  
Zelin Zheng ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhao ◽  
Minjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Mulberry Fruit ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mapman Analysis ◽  
Mulberry Fruits ◽  
Prevention Methods

Mulberry sclerotiniose caused by Ciboria shiraiana is a devastating disease of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit in Northwest China. At present, no disease-resistant varieties are used in production, as the molecular mechanisms of this disease are not well understood. In this study, to explore new prevention methods and provide direction for molecular breeding, transcriptomic sequencing and un-targeted metabolomics were performed on healthy (CK), early-stage diseased (HB1), and middle-stage diseased (HB2) mulberry fruits. Functional annotation, gene ontology, a Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, and a Mapman analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed differential regulation of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, transcription factors, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A correspondence between the transcript pattern and metabolite profile was observed in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. It should be noted that the log2 ratio of eugenol (isoeugenol) in HB1 and HB2 are 85 times and 23 times higher than CK, respectively. Our study shows that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may play an essential role in response to sclerotiniose pathogen infection and eugenol(isoeugenol) enrichment in mulberry fruit, which may provide a novel method for mulberry sclerotiniose control.

High-temperature-adaptedAzospirillum brasilensestrains: growth and interaction response on associative nitrogen fixation, mineral uptake and yield of cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Associative Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

SummaryHigh-temperature-adapted strains RAU 1, RAU 2 and RAU 3 ofAzospirillum brasilenseC 7 were isolated from stepwise transfer to higher temperature (30 to 42 °C). One of the strains (RAU 1) showed more growth, greater nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities at 30 and 42 °C than parental and other temperature-adapted strains. This strain also showed growth and more nitrogenase activity from pH 6·5 to 8·0. Strain RAU 1 showed cross-resistance to penicillin (300/µg/ml) but not to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin and polymixin B at 30 and 42 °C. It was demonstrated in field plots in calcareous soil that seed inoculation with RAU 1 enhanced mineral uptake of cheena. Inoculation with RAU 1 led to a significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots, grain and straw yield of cheena compared with the uninoculated control with or without applied N, but the effect of seed inoculation with high-temperature-adapted strains was variable with different genotypes of cheena.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation on Sodium Alginate Extracted from Sargassum Subrepandum of Red Sea of Eritrea as Tablet Binder

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Basha ◽  
R. Rekha ◽  
A. Letensie ◽  
S. Mensura
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Binding Strength

Natural polysaccharides hold advantages over synthetic polymers for conventional and novel dosage forms, because these are non-toxic, less expensive, and biodegradable. These can also be modified to tailor-made materials and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Therefore, the aim of present work is to extract sodium alginate from the seaweed S. subrepandum to assess its binding property using propranolol as model drug. Sodium alginate was extracted by room-temperature alkaline extraction and high-temperature (80°C) alkaline extraction methods. Binding strength was evaluated by using two different formulations i.e., formulation 1 with sodium alginate as a binder and formulation 2 with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as reference standard. The two tablet formulations were evaluated and compared for parameters such as friability, hardness and disintegration. The percentage yield was found to be 17.5% w/w by room-temperature alkaline extraction and 21%w/w by high-temperature extraction method. The results obtained for all tested parameters for tablets with sodium alginate were found within acceptable range of USP standards. It was also founded that both sodium alginate and HPMC have similar binding strength at similar concentration. So, it can be concluded that sodium alginate of S. subrepandum can be used as suitable alternative binder in tablet formulations.Keywords: Sargassum subrepandum; Sodium alginate; Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; Friability; Hardness; Disintegration.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6770                     J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 619-628 (2011)

Study on the Calamine/Sodium Alginate Modified Viscose Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Dong Qi Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Shu Fa Han ◽  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Cui Yu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Viscose Fiber ◽  
Alginate Solution ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this article we successfully prepared calamine / sodium alginate viscose fiber. Good dispersion and stability of the modified solution was prepared by dispersing calamine in alkaline solution of sodium alginate, and then mixed it with viscose spinning solution by spinning injection methods. Moreover, the stability of calamine / sodium alginate solution, the effect of concentration of calamine on the fiber properties is studied in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical mechanical performance are test to characterize the structure and the performance of the calamine / sodium alginate viscose fiber.

Sodium Alginate Solution Transferred by Laser Induced Forward Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 114002
Author(s):  
王文兵 WANG Wen-bing ◽  
郭钟宁 GUO Zhong-ning ◽  
于兆勤 YU Zhao-qin ◽  
朱紫红 ZHU Zi-hong ◽  
邓宇 DENG Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Alginate Solution ◽  
Forward Transfer

scholarly journals THE FORMULATION OF DRY CURCUMA (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) EXTRACT MICROCAPSULES BY SPRAY WET MICROENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Samran Samran ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

 Objective: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. was used as hereditary medicinal plant for prevention of liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disease, fever, and hemorrhoid. Curcuma extract was easy to damage because the light exposure, change of pH, weather and a long period of storage time. The problem can be solved by coating the extract with spray wet microencapsulation (SWM) technique. SWM technique is a method of preparing microcapsules in which a solution, suspension, or emulsion with a charged matrix is sprayed into opposing solution. The aim of this research was to formulate the dry Curcuma extract with SWM technique using sodium alginate as matrix.Methods: Brown algae (Sargassum ilicifolium) was a main resource of alginate acid. It was isolated using HCl 5% to make alginate acid and sodium alginate that was obtained by adding Na2CO3 5% to alginate acid solution. The microencapsulation process of Curcuma extract was done by SWM technique. The formula of Curcuma extract microencapsulation was design into three formulas: F1, F2, and F3. Microcapsules of Curcuma extract were being characterized for color intensity, analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressibility index, flowing time, and determination of angle repose.Results: The results showed that the higher concentration of sodium alginate used, the dry Curcuma extract microcapsules produced better. Particle size of extract microcapsules of Curcuma extract microcapsules SEM from F1, F2, F3 was 20 μm whereas dry weight of extracted microcapsule of Curcuma grows with increasing concentration of sodium alginate: F1 (0.2%) 19.86±0.11 g, F2 (0.4%) 20.66±0.73, F3 (0.6%) 21.29±0.64. The flowing time of F1, F2, and F3 was 6.92±0.56, 7.42±0.50, and 8.05±0.54 s consecutively.Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the study result, it can be concluded that the raw materials of Curcuma extract can be made by SWM technique using sodium alginate isolated from brown algae, and the characterization of dry Curcuma extract microcapsule of the three formulas met the requirements of the pre-formulation tests for capsule dosage form.

scholarly journals Facile fabrication and characterization on alginate microfibres with grooved structure via microfluidic spinning

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 181928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Lin Weng ◽  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Dawei Li ◽  
Bingyao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Alginate Solution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Alginate Fibres

Alginate microfibres were fabricated by a simple microfluidic spinning device consisting of a coaxial flow. The inner profile and spinnability of polymer were analysed by rheology study, including the analysis of viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus. The effect of spinning parameters on the morphological structure of fibres was studied by SEM, while the crystal structure and chemical group were characterized by FTIR and XRD, respectively. Furthermore, the width and depth of grooves on the fibres was investigated by AFM image analysis and the formation mechanism of grooves was finally analysed. It was illustrated that the fibre diameter increased with an increase in the core flow rate, whereas on the contrary of sheath flow rate. Fibre diameter exhibited an increasing tendency as the concentration of alginate solution increased, and the minimum spinning concentration of alginate solution was 1% with the finest diameter being around 25 µm. Importantly, the grooved structure was obtained by adjusting the concentration of solutions and flow rates, the depth of groove increased from 278.37 ± 2.23 µm to 727.52 ± 3.52 µm as the concentration varied from 1 to 2%. Alginate fibres, with topological structure, are candidates for wound dressing or the engineering tissue scaffolds.

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