scholarly journals Banana peel biochar as alternative source of potassium for plant productivity and sustainable agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Islam ◽  
M. Halder ◽  
Md. A. B. Siddique ◽  
S. A. A. Razir ◽  
S. Sikder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Oxygen Condition ◽  
K Deficiency

Abstract Purpose Biochar addition to soil is immensely beneficial for increasing plant productivity and C sequestration, attenuating nutrient leaching loss, counteracting heavy metal contamination and organic waste triggered environmental pollution. To understand the sustainable benefits of biochar, two pot experiments were conducted under net house condition in Khulna University, Bangladesh. Methods Biochar was prepared from banana peel waste through slow pyrolysis process under limited oxygen condition. Three lower rates (1, 2 and 3%) of banana peel biochar (BPB) were added with agricultural soil along with control with three replications for each. After incorporation of BPB into soil, pots were kept under field condition for 7 days and then the seeds of Ipomoea aquatica were sown. Plants were harvested after 42 days from seeds sowing and plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured. Another pot experiment was also conducted under sand medium to test the BPB as K-rich soil amendment where K was applied from two different sources (KCl and BPB) along with control. Seeds of Cucurbita moschata were sown and 40 days after seed sowing, K deficiency was observed in control treatments. Results Banana peel biochar was found to be rich in K content. Plant productivity and above-ground biomass were reduced in 1% BPB treatments, but increased in 2 and 3% BPB treatments as compared to control but statistically insignificant (p < 0.05). In case of second experiment, K deficiency symptoms were observed in 40 days aged Cucurbita moschata seedlings under control treatments, whereas no K deficiency symptom was noticed in plants grown under K supplied from both KCl and BPB. Moreover, the plant grown with BPB was found healthy, stronger and greener in appearance. Conclusion This positive influence of BPB on plant growth suggests the alternative way to overcome the use of chemical fertilizer and effective way of utilization of agricultural wastes through recycling.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Content in Phaeophyceae from Malang Rapat Waters, Bintan

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Hilda Novianty ◽  
Emienour Muzalina Mustafa ◽  
Suratno Suratno
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Turbinaria Conoides ◽  
Processed Products

The use of brown-macroalgae (Phaeophyceae) as an alginate source is very broad, covering the food and non-food industry, because of that it is necessary to know the safety of these natural resources, one of which is safe from heavy metal contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metals concentrations accumulated in several types of Phaeophyceae (brown macroalgae) as an alginate source from Malang Rapat waters, Bintan. The method used was descriptive non-experimental. The determination of the location of sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Samples were taken through free collection, identified species and measured of metal contamination concentrations for As, Cd, and Pb. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Phaeophyceae found in Malang Rapat waters were Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum aquifolium, Padina australis, Hormophysa cuneiformis with each metal concentration contamination of As 13.95 to 23.30 µg.g-1 dry weight; Cd from 0.33 to 1.08 µg.g-1 dry weight and Pb from 4.72 to 9.92 µg.g-1 dry weight. This study showed that all metal contamination ranges in all Phaeophyceae were on the verge of the maximum limit set by the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia Indonesian (SNI) No 7387 of 2009 and National Agency of Drug and Food Control of RI (BPOM) Regulation No 5 of 2018 for dried macroalgae product so that Phaeophyceae from Malang Rapat waters - Bintan was not safe to be used as raw material for alginate source or other processed products of brown-macroalgae.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of pink pepper seeds (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.) as a function of storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Thaísa De Oliveira Silveira ◽  
Madelon Rodrigues Braz ◽  
Gilmara Pires de Moura Palermo ◽  
Tiago Böer Breier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
And Storage

Seeds of native forest species for food and seedling production have a growing demand that impacts the need for studies involving seed storage in order to maintain good levels of germination quality. Thus, scientific analyzes that explore the physiological potential of the seeds of these species are necessary, especially for the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.), a species used as an alternative source of income for traditional communities and which has been arousing interest due to the consumption of its fruits as a condiment in the national and international market. This work aimed to assess the physiological quality of pink pepper seeds according to the storage period and seed size. The seeds came from a rural settlement, a pioneer in the extraction of pink pepper, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, germination, first count, length and dry weight of the germinated seedlings, during the period of time that they remained stored and the size of the seeds. The results allowed to conclude that: i) the germinative percentage of the stored pink pepper seeds decreased over the months; ii) the moisture content of the seeds decreased over the months evaluated iii) the different sizes of seeds did not show differences in germination and storage time and iv) values of length and dry weight of the seedlings did not differ according to the period of storage.

The pH of K-deficient muscle

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Eckel ◽  
Andrew W. Botschner ◽  
Don H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Weak Bases ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
K Deficiency

The acid-base balance of muscle from control and K-deficient rats was studied. From the measured buffering capacity, 8–11 mEq excess of anions or deficit of cations would be required to acidify 100 gm fat-free dry weight of muscle, 0.5 pH units. No evidence of increased organic acids, increased anionic equivalence of muscle proteins, or of decreased concentrations of weak bases which are potential cations in cell acidosis was found. This evidence, supplemented with data in the literature, fails to account for the cell acidosis reported in the literature. Reliability of the ‘chloride space’ as a measure of the extracellular phase of muscle in K deficiency has been confirmed by showing its agreement with the ‘raffinose space.’ The cell pH has then been calculated from the distribution of CO2 in muscle (indirect method) and from the pH of muscle homogenates (direct method) in control and K-deficient animals. Control and K-deficient muscle pH's are, respectively, 6.89 and 6.83 by the direct method, and 7.11 and 7.05 by the indirect method.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Banana (Musa acuminate L.) in Response to Low-Potassium Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Can-Bin Zeng ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Zhen Yan ◽  
Zhao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Gene Functional Classification ◽  
Low K

Potassium (K+) is an abundant and important macronutrient for plants. It plays crucial roles in many growth and developmental processes, and growth is inhibited under low −K+ conditions. The molecular mechanisms operating under K+ starvation have been little reported in banana, which is a non-model plant. We conducted a transcriptome analysis of banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish) in response to low −K+ stress. The phenotypic traits and transcriptomic profiles of banana leaves and roots were compared between low −K+ (LK) and normal −K+ (NK) groups. The phenotypic parameters for the LK group, including fresh and dry weight, were lower than those for the NK group, which suggested that low −K+ stress may inhibit some important metabolic and biosynthetic processes. K+ content and biomass were both decreased in the LK group compared to the NK group. Following ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq), a total of 26,796 expressed genes were detected in normal −K+ leaves (NKL), 27,014 were detected in low −K+ leaves (LKL), 29,158 were detected in normal −K+ roots (NKR), and 28,748 were detected in low −K+ roots (LKR). There were 797 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 386 down-regulated DEGs in NKL versus LKL, while there were 1917 up-regulated DEGs and 2830 down-regulated DEGs in NKR versus LKR. This suggested that the roots were more sensitive to low −K+ stress than the leaves. DEGs related to K+ transport and uptake were analyzed in detail. Gene functional classification showed that the expression of genes regarding ABC transporters, protein kinases, transcription factors, and ion transporters were also detected, and may play important roles during K+ deficiency.

scholarly journals Novel banana peel/graphene oxide derived biosorbent for water purification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Rong Wu ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Aman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clean Contaminated

More than 100 million tons of banana peels are produced annually, and about 40 million banana peels (40% of total weight) remain greatly unused. Hence, exploring banana peels’ ability to clean contaminated water would bring an additional value to the current “waste” product. One of the most common aspects of water pollution currently is heavy metal contamination, which is particularly dangerous for humans due to its high toxicity. Banana peels contain a high concentration of carbohydrates, the two most abundant being cellulose and starch, which has multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Banana peels are an easily available and cost-effective adsorbent that can adsorb different kinds of heavy metal ions. This research primarily focuses on improving the current efficiency of this technique through the development of a banana peel/graphene oxide hybrid adsorbent. The cross-linking graphene oxide possess numerous hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and epoxide functional groups that can be used to induce chemical reactions with banana peel carbohydrates, providing the graphene oxide with additional functional groups. This modification can potentially increase the adsorption capacity of banana peel derived adsorbents. It is evident through FTIR analysis that banana peel powder and graphene oxide have many functional groups of similar types. Thus, reactions can readily occur to combine the two substances. The TGA analysis of both compounds, however, indicates different patterns of thermal decomposition. Further thermal analysis is required for the hybrid adsorbent. After the development and characterization of this hybrid adsorbent, the next step is to complete a water purification analysis. In the future, banana peel/graphene oxide derived adsorbent may serve as a sustainable and efficient solution for water purification.

Perspectives of using the water hyacinth (Eichhornia heterosperma) for self-purification in a Colombian water reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Stephan Eckert ◽  
Heazel Grajales ◽  
Jaime B. Palacio ◽  
Luz Jimenez F. Segura ◽  
Elisabeth Pohlon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Eutrophication and heavy metal contamination of freshwater reservoirs cause serious problems world- wide. With increasing nutrient levels in lakes and reservoirs, invasive macrophytes like the perennial water hyacinth Eichhornia spp. can intensify the degradation process, but the plants can also be supporting because of their high capacity for heavy metal and nutrient accumulation. In this study, we assessed the potential of E. heterosperma for nutrient removal. Therefore, we measured nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in the water and the plant tissue of E. heterosperma plants harvested in a hypereutrophic reservoir (Porce II, Antioquia, Colombia). We found mean nitrogen concentrations between 21–45 g and phosphorus between 2.1–3.0 g kg –1 dry weight in the different plant parts (leaves, stems, roots). Regarding metals, we measured 3.1–2;37 mg chrome, 62 mg–7.4 g aluminium, 22–70 mg zinc, 12–95 mg copper, and 0.4–1.3 g manganese per kg of dry weight. This exceptional high ability for nutrient and heavy metal uptake makes Eichhornia heterospermaan appropriate candidate for bioremediation in reservoirs. Therefore, we assessed the potential of the plants as fertilizer for forests and agriculture regarding the heavy metal accumulations. We found that the harvest of 1.0 km² of plant cover in Porce II would result in a removal of 4.3 % phosphorus and 4.0 % nitrogen of the nutrients in the water column. This indicates that for hypereutrophic lakes with an annual input of about 43443 t N and 2490 t P, the remediation capacity of this plant is limited.

scholarly journals Dicentrine Production in Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures of Stephania Venosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharita Kitisripanya ◽  
Jukrapun Komaikul ◽  
Nirachara Tawinkan ◽  
Chuennapha Atsawinkowit ◽  
Waraporn Putalun
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Stem Segments

The highest dicentrine content (19.5 ± 0.3 mg/g dry weight) from callus culture of Stephania venosa was achieved from stem segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with TDZ 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L. Cell suspension cultures were established from callus cultured on MS liquid medium with the same plant growth regulators. Dicentrine production from S. venosa cell suspension cultures was obtained in the range of 15–26 mg/g dry weight. Elicitation in cell suspension cultures by chitosan (50 mg/L) and salicylic acid (2 mg/L) for 6 days significantly increased dicentrine content. Our findings indicate that callus and cell suspension cultures of S. venosa can produce high levels of dicentrine as an alternative source of plant materials.

Extraction, Partial Purification And Characterization Of Milk- Clotting Enzyme From Local Coagulants On The Yield Of Cheese Using Cow Milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Tebeje Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Milk Clotting ◽  
Milk Clotting Enzyme ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Abstract Milk-clotting activity is the most important property of enzymes used in cheese making. The study conducts at the University of Gondar, Institute of biotechnology microbial and cellular biology laboratory. Latex extracted from each plant using an appropriate procedure. Five hundred ml of milk added to each beaker in all extract labels with its replication, heated, each coagulant was added and heated till a separate layer of cheese and whey happened. Then after clotting time, whey product, cheese- fresh weight, cheese dry weight, and the percentage of cheese yield were recorded using appropriate measurement and calculation. All data analyzed using SAS Studio, and analysis of variance showed that highly significant differences have existed among plant extract used for all studied parameters. The highest (59, 74.67, 91.33 gm) amount of cheese- dry weight observes in lemon juice. The highest (11.34, 14.36, and 17.56)% of cheese- yield observe in lemon juice for all extract labels, respectively. The lowest amount (32.67, 25.67, and 17.00) of cheese formation starting time observed from lemon juice, respectively. Therefore, lemon juice, calotropis procera, and Solanum incanum could use in the dairy industry and local community as an alternative source of rennet.

scholarly journals Moderate sodium has positive effects on shoots but not roots of salt-tolerant barley grown in a potassium-deficient sandy soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
Richard Bell ◽  
Ross Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency

In the agricultural lands of south-western Australia, salinity severely affects about 1 million hectares, and there is also widespread occurrence of potassium (K) deficiency. This study investigated whether the effects of sodium (Na) on crop K nutrition vary with plant salt sensitivity. In a glasshouse experiment with loamy sand, two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Gairdner, salt sensitive, and cv. CM72, salt tolerant) and one wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wyalkatchem, salt tolerant) were first grown in soil containing 30 mg extractable K/kg for 4 weeks to create mildly K-deficient plants, then subjected to Na (as NaCl) and additional K treatments for 3 weeks. Although high Na (300 mg Na/kg) reduced leaf numbers, moderate Na (100 mg Na/kg) hastened leaf development in barley cultivars but not in wheat. In the salt-tolerant CM72, moderate Na also increased tiller numbers, shoot dry weight and Na accumulation, but not root growth. The positive effect of moderate Na on shoot growth in CM72 was similar to that of adding 45 mg K/kg. Root growth relative to shoot growth was enhanced by adequate K supply (75 mg K/kg) compared with K deficiency, but not by Na supply. Soil Na greatly reduced the K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in shoots and roots, while additional K supply increased the K/Na ratio with little effect on the Ca/Na ratio. The study showed that the substitution of K by Na in barley and wheat was influenced not only by plant K status, but by the potential for Na uptake in roots and Na accumulation in shoots, which may play a major role in salt tolerance. The increased growth in shoots but not roots of salt-tolerant CM72 in response to moderate Na and the greater adverse effect of soil K deficiency on roots than shoots in all genotypes would make the low-K plants more vulnerable to saline and water-limited environments.

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