The Effect of Different Light Conditions on Antimicrobial Activity of the Microalgae Chlorella sp. Ethanolic Extract Against Streptococcus mutans

Finding new antimicrobial agents from natural compounds with less side effects has been considered by number of researchers in the world. It is important to achieve efficient and up-to-date results in order to identify a substance with antimicrobial properties and achieve operational methods to increase these traits in a society where the prevalence of various diseases has been increased. In fact, the purpose of this study was to achieve compounds from microalgae with antimicrobial properties to be used in food and pharmaceutical industries that can have good consequences for human health. Therefore, in the current study antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of microalgae Chlorella sp., that was cultivated under different light conditions, was investigated. For this purpose, microalgae Chlorella sp. was separately cultivated under red, blue, green and white lights with intensity of 109 (μmol-photon m-2 s-1) and antimicrobial potential of the microalgae extracts investigated against the activity of Streptococcus mutans. In addition, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts determined. Based on the results, the wet extracts indicated more average antimicrobial activity than dried ones. Furthermore, the wet extract of microalgae cultivated under the red light showed a stronger antimicrobial activity compared to extract obtained under the other light spectrum with the minimum inhibitory of that was 10 mg/ml. Also, extract obtained under white light had no significant antibacterial activity against the bacterial strain.

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Antimicrobial activity of a novel Spanish propolis against planktonic and sessile oral Streptococcus spp

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-03202-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Luisa Navarro-Pérez ◽

Virginia Vadillo-Rodríguez ◽

Irene Fernández-Babiano ◽

Ciro Pérez-Giraldo ◽

M. Coronada Fernández-Calderón

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oral Streptococcus ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Ethanolic Extract Of Propolis

AbstractIncreased bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents has prompted the use of natural products with antimicrobial properties such as propolis, extensively employed since ancient times. However, the chemical composition of propolis extracts is extremely complex and has been shown to vary depending on the region and season of collection, due to variations in the flora from which the pharmacological substances are obtained, being therefore essential for their antimicrobial activity to be checked before use. For this purpose, we evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of a new and promising Spanish ethanolic extract of propolis (SEEP) on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis, responsible, as dominant ‘pioneer’ species, for dental plaque. Results reveal that S. sanguinis is more sensitive to SEEP, slowing and retarding its growth considerably with lower concentrations than those needed to produce the same effect in S. mutans. SEEP presents concentration- and time-dependent killing activity and, furthermore, some of the subinhibitory concentrations employed increased biofilm formation even when bacterial growth decreased. Mono and dual-species biofilms were also inhibited by SEEP. Findings obtained clearly show the relevance of using biofilm and subinhibitory concentration models to determine optimal treatment concentrations.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. and Chloranthus multistachys Pei

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2010-11-1205 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (11-12) ◽

pp. 660-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jie-fang Kang ◽

Yuan Zhang ◽

Yong-liang Du ◽

Zhe-zhi Wang

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Microbroth Dilution

We examined the composition and antimicrobial activity of two essential oils from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. and Chloranthus multistachys Pei. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses identifi ed 48 and 39 compounds, which represented 95.56% and 94.58%, respectively, of all components in these oils. Of these, 28 compounds were common to both, with a relatively high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (50.95% and 39.97%). Antimicrobial properties were evaluated in vitro via disc diffusion and microbroth dilution assays. Activities were strong against most tested microorganisms, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.1 to 22.2 mm. For both species, minimum values for inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 0.39 to 12.50 mg/mL and 0.78 to 50.00 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that these essential oils are potent natural sources of antimicrobial agents for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries

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An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4383

Author(s):

Barbara Lapinska ◽

Aleksandra Szram ◽

Beata Zarzycka ◽

Janina Grzegorczyk ◽

Louis Hardan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 513-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V Subhadradevi ◽

K Asokkumar ◽

M Umamaheswari ◽

AT Sivashanmugam ◽

JR Ushanandhini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cassia Auriculata ◽

Potential Source ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ancient Times

Since ancient times plant as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a dominant role in the maintenance of human health. To treat chronic and infectious diseases plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of ingredients. In this regard, Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a tonic, astringent and as a remedy for diabetes, conjunctivitis, ulcers, leprosy, skin and liver diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers (CALE & CAFE). CALE and CAFE exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited no antifungal activity against standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was carried out for CALE and CAFE. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the CALE and CAFE can be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Key words: Cassia auriculata; Antimicrobial activity; Agar well diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 513-518

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Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate) Microgel Aqueous Dispersions with Potential Antimicrobial Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11040606 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 606 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Coro Echeverría ◽

Alejandro Aragón-Gutiérrez ◽

Marta Fernández-García ◽

Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla ◽

Daniel López

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Alkylation Reaction ◽

Aqueous Dispersions ◽

Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Potential Antimicrobial Activity

The work herein describes the preparation of thermoresponsive microgels with potential antimicrobial properties. Most of the work performed so far regarding microgels with antimicrobial activity, deals with the ability of microgels to carry and release antibiotics or antimicrobial agents (antimicrobial peptides). The originality of this work lies in the possibility of developing intrinsic antimicrobial microgels by copolymerization of the well-known thermoresponsive monomer, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), a water-soluble monomer, to form microgels via precipitation polymerization (radical polymerization). Due to the presence of a tertiary amine in the DMAEMA comonomer, microgels can be modified by N-alkylation reaction with methyl and butyl iodide. This quaternization confers positive charges to the microgel surfaces and thus the potential antimicrobial activity. The effect of DMAEMA content and its quaternization with both, methyl and butyl iodide is evaluated in terms of thermal and surface charge properties, as well as in the microgel size and viscoelastic behavior. Finally, a preliminary study of the antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms is also performed in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). From this study we determined that in contrast with butylated microgels, methylated ones show potential antimicrobial activity and good physical properties besides of maintaining microgel thermo-responsiveness.

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Phytochemical Screening of Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Extracts by UPLC-QTOF-MS and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071739 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1739 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Annabelle St-Pierre ◽

Dorian Blondeau ◽

André Lajeunesse ◽

Julien Bley ◽

Nathalie Bourdeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Water Extract ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Quaking Aspen ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

Minimal Inhibition Concentration

The continual emergence of pathogen resistance is a recurring challenge and pushes for the development of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we investigated compounds from quaking aspen trees (Populus tremuloides) as potential antimicrobial agents. Several extractions using different solvents were realized, and corresponding antimicrobial activity was tested against eight microorganisms. Results revealed that polar extraction solvents including water, ethanol and methanol gave the best extraction yields (>15.07%). Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) demonstrated that water extracts had the best antimicrobial activity by a weak to moderate inhibition of growth of all eight tested microorganisms in addition to having a bactericidal effect on three of them. The quaking aspen methanol extract also displayed antimicrobial activity but to a lower level than the water extract. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis led to the identification of 92 compounds, mainly polyphenols in both extracts, with 22 molecules previously known for their antimicrobial properties. According to the relative abundance, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.44% in methanol extract) and kaempferol (5.03% in water extract) were the most abundant antimicrobial compounds. Among antimicrobial molecules identified, nine were from the flavonoid family. The results of our study demonstrate the interest of using quaking aspen as source of antimicrobial compounds.

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Biosynthesis and application of silver nano-biotics for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of glass-ionomer cement against studied microorganisms and its effect on compressive strength

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35758/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Enas Tawfik Enan ◽

Amal A. Ashour ◽

Sakeenabi Basha ◽

Nayef H. Felemban ◽

sanaa M. F. gad El-Rab

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Visible Spectrum ◽

Test System ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Group D ◽

Ionomer Cement

Abstract Background. The development of dental caries is associated with various microorganisms and secondary caries formation is the main cause of restorations failure. The advise for restorative dental materials that have antimicrobial properties has stimulated the introduction of materials containing different antibacterial agents.Objectives: Present study has been designed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and incorporate AgNPs and amoxicillin into glass ionomer cement (GIC) to synergize its effect on oral microbes. The effect of the added antimicrobial agents on compressive strength (CS) of GIC was also evaluated.Material and methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs were done using Cupressus macrocarpa extract and AgNPs were charectatrized. A total of 120 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and classified into 4 main groups where Group A include conventional GIC, Groups B and C include GIC with AgNPs or Amoxicillin, respectively, while Group D included GIC with both AgNPs and Amoxicillin. Each group was tested for the antimicrobial activity against both Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The distribution of biofilm was examined via scanning electron microscope. The CS of the tested material was measured using a Material Test System(MTS).Results: UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak of 429 nm. TEM, XRD pattern and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs with spherical to oblong polydispersed particles of diameter in the range of 13.5-25.8 nm. The maximum inhibitory zone was recorded for group D against both tested bacteria with a mean of 29 mm at first 24-hour period to 15 mm at three weeks and showed antimicrobial rate 92.2% and 92.56%, against both strains, respectively. Additionally, group D disintegrated the structure of S. aureus biofilm and even kill bacteria in the biofilms. Addition of AgNPs and Amoxicillin caused an insignificant effect on CS of GIC.Conclusion: TheAgNPs showed a synergistic effect in combination with amoxicillin and GIC dental restorative material against studied microorganisms. The agents can be safely added with minimal effect on mechanical properties of the original cement.

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Influence of Elicitation and Drying Methods on Anti-Metabolic Syndrome, and Antimicrobial Properties of Extracts and Hydrolysates Obtained from Elicited Lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4365

Author(s):

Anna Jakubczyk ◽

Urszula Złotek ◽

Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Microwave Drying ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

This research aims to investigate the influence of elicitation and drying methods (natural, convection, microwave, and freeze-drying), with jasmonic acid (JA) and yeast extract (YE) on the biological activity of extracts and hydrolysates from lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch) leaves. The results indicate that the highest TPC was determined for hydrolysates obtained from JA-elicited microwave-dried lovage (24.96 mg/gDW). The highest ACE and lipase inhibitory activity was noted for PBS extract obtained from JA-elicited lovage after microwave drying (EC50 = 0.16 and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively). Ethanolic extract from JA-elicited lovage after freeze-drying was characterized by the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity (EC50 = 3.92 mg/mL) and the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (EC50 = 1.43 mg/mL) was noted for hydrolysates from control plants subjected to freeze-drying. The highest antimicrobial activity towards C. albicans yeasts was observed for microwave ethanolic extracts with minimal inhibition (MIC) and lethal (MLC) concentrations of 0.625 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three important medicinal plants of South India

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2018.8.1.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3484

Author(s):

Gopalakrishnaiah B. ◽

Aniel Kumar O.

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Development Program ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

The World

India is found to be a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of herbal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world. Plants are the richest source of natural antimicrobial agents. In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases; one approach is to screen local medicinal plants for possible antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of hexane, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the leaves of three important medicinal plants viz., Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC, Bougainvillea spectabilis L. and Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, collected from in and around Visakhapatnam District. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested against three Gram Positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Enterococcus faecalis MTCC 439, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737), Three Gram Negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1688) and three Fungal strains (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Epidermophyton floccosum MTCC 613 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes MTCC 7687) using agar well diffusion assay. Our results demonstrated that methanol extracts of these plants leaves have concentration dependent antibacterial activity against some of the tested organisms. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used for drug development program.

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Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.11.129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 1450-1469

Author(s):

Matías Guerrero Correa ◽

Fernanda B Martínez ◽

Cristian Patiño Vidal ◽

Camilo Streitt ◽

Juan Escrig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

High Surface ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Action ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Synthesis Methods

The investigation of novel nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity has grown in recent years due to the increased incidence of nosocomial infections occurring during hospitalization and food poisoning derived from foodborne pathogens. Antimicrobial agents are necessary in various fields in which biological contamination occurs. For example, in food packaging they are used to control food contamination by microbes, in the medical field the microbial agents are important for reducing the risk of contamination in invasive and routine interventions, and in the textile industry, they can limit the growth of microorganisms due to sweat. The combination of nanotechnology with materials that have an intrinsic antimicrobial activity can result in the development of novel antimicrobial substances. Specifically, metal-based nanoparticles have attracted much interest due to their broad effectiveness against pathogenic microorganisms due to their high surface area and high reactivity. The aim of this review was to explore the state-of-the-art in metal-based nanoparticles, focusing on their synthesis methods, types, and their antimicrobial action. Different techniques used to synthesize metal-based nanoparticles were discussed, including chemical and physical methods and “green synthesis” methods that are free of chemical agents. Although the most studied nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties are metallic or metal-oxide nanoparticles, other types of nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and silica-releasing systems also exhibit antimicrobial properties. Finally, since the quantification and understanding of the antimicrobial action of metal-based nanoparticles are key topics, several methods for evaluating in vitro antimicrobial activity and the most common antimicrobial mechanisms (e.g., cell damage and changes in the expression of metabolic genes) were discussed in this review.

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