scholarly journals Osmopriming with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Germinating Crop Seeds: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Chu Lei ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan ◽  
Huiyong Wang ◽  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Wenting Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Crop Seed

Abiotic stresses such as drought, extreme temperature, and salinity can negatively impact seed germination and plant growth and have become major limitations to crop production. Most crops are vulnerable to abiotic stress factors during their early growth phase, especially during seed germination and seedling emergence. Rapid crop seed germination and seedling establishment is known to provide competitive advantages over weeds and improve yields. Seed osmopriming is defined as a pre-sowing treatment in which seeds are soaked in osmotic solutions to undergo the first stage of germination, but radicle protrusion has not occurred. The process of osmopriming involves prior exposure of seeds in low-water-potential solutions. Osmopriming can generate a series of pre-germination metabolic activities, increase the antioxidant system activities, and prepare the seed for radicle protrusion. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a popular osmopriming agent that can alleviate the negative impacts of abiotic stresses. This review summarizes research findings on crop responses to seed priming with PEG under abiotic stresses. The challenges, limitations, and opportunities of using PEG for crop seed priming are discussed with the goal of providing insights into future research towards effective application of seed priming in crop production.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Phytohormones: An Effective Approach for the Mitigation of Abiotic Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saidur Rhaman ◽  
Shahin Imran ◽  
Farjana Rauf ◽  
Mousumi Khatun ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Plants are often exposed to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and heavy metals that induce complex responses, which result in reduced growth as well as crop yield. Phytohormones are well known for their regulatory role in plant growth and development, and they serve as important chemical messengers, allowing plants to function during exposure to various stresses. Seed priming is a physiological technique involving seed hydration and drying to improve metabolic processes prior to germination, thereby increasing the percentage and rate of germination and improving seedling growth and crop yield under normal and various biotic and abiotic stresses. Seed priming allows plants to obtain an enhanced capacity for rapidly and effectively combating different stresses. Thus, seed priming with phytohormones has emerged as an important tool for mitigating the effects of abiotic stress. Therefore, this review discusses the potential role of priming with phytohormones to mitigate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses, possible mechanisms for how mitigation is accomplished, and roles of priming on the enhancement of crop production.

scholarly journals SEED PRIMING: A MULTIFACETED AND COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Sabarni Biswas ◽  
Alivia Paul ◽  
Asok Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

Seed priming is a cost-effective technique which involves prior seed exposure to an abiotic stress that makes the seed more resistant to future lethal exposure. Seed priming stimulates pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for sprouting. It helps to up regulate the antioxidant enzyme activitiesand repairs membrane damage. These changes promote seed vigour and emergence under abiotic stress. This article aims to review the different priming processes as well as the physiological, biochemical and molecular changes induced by priming that lead to synchronized seed germination. Plants’ responses to some priming agents under abiotic stress have been reported based on recent investigations.

scholarly journals Alleviating Salinity Stress During Seed Germinating by Priming Techniques : A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Sandhya R Verma ◽  
Hitesh A Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Priming Process ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Seed germination and seedling growth are the two critical stages for crop establishment. These stages are the most sensitive to abiotic stresses, which decreases the germination percentage and increases germination time. Due to such abiotic stress, the germination of crop fails in adverse conditions. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress, which adversely affects almost every aspect of the plant’s physiology, biochemistry and decreases yield. Salinity is the most severe threat to agriculture and major environmental factors that limit crop growth and productivity. Various techniques have been shown to improve emergence and stand establishment under salt stress. One of the most frequently utilized technique is seed priming. The seed priming process deals with the prior exposure of abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates pre-germination metabolic activities and enhances radicle protrusion. It enhances the antioxidant defense system and the repair of membranes. The process of seed priming and the mechanism of the effect of salinity on seed germination have been discussed. The physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes induced by priming leading to seed enhancement have also been covered.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

Recent understanding on molecular mechanisms of plant abiotic stress response and tolerance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Onaga ◽  
Kerstin Wydra
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the recent significant perspectives on molecules involved in response and tolerance to drought and salinity, the 2 major abiotic stresses affecting crop production, and highlights major molecular components identified in major cereals.

scholarly journals Microalgal Biostimulants and Biofertilisers in Crop Productions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Elisa Biazzi ◽  
Katia Parati ◽  
Domenico Carminati ◽  
Elio Carminati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Natural Substances

Microalgae are attracting the interest of agrochemical industries and farmers, due to their biostimulant and biofertiliser properties. Microalgal biostimulants (MBS) and biofertilisers (MBF) might be used in crop production to increase agricultural sustainability. Biostimulants are products derived from organic material that, applied in small quantities, are able to stimulate the growth and development of several crops under both optimal and stressful conditions. Biofertilisers are products containing living microorganisms or natural substances that are able to improve chemical and biological soil properties, stimulating plant growth, and restoring soil fertility. This review is aimed at reporting developments in the processing of MBS and MBF, summarising the biologically-active compounds, and examining the researches supporting the use of MBS and MBF for managing productivity and abiotic stresses in crop productions. Microalgae are used in agriculture in different applications, such as amendment, foliar application, and seed priming. MBS and MBF might be applied as an alternative technique, or used in conjunction with synthetic fertilisers, crop protection products and plant growth regulators, generating multiple benefits, such as enhanced rooting, higher crop yields and quality and tolerance to drought and salt. Worldwide, MBS and MBF remain largely unexploited, such that this study highlights some of the current researches and future development priorities.

Effect of Priming Techniques on Seed Germination Characteristics of C. Maxima Duch

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Dong Sun ◽  
Xin Zheng Li ◽  
He Lian Yang ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Successful Technique

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming techniques on germination characteristics of C. maxima Duch. cultivar (Beiguan). Treatments were combinations of 3 levels of priming (distilled water, NaCl and PEG6000) and non-priming (control) with 3 replications. Concentrations of NaCl solution were 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol•L-1, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, respectively. Seeds were primed using the above priming materials for 24 hours at 20°C in the dark, respectively. The results showed that different priming techniques could have various effects on germination of Beiguan seeds. Hydropriming (distilled water), NaCl priming and PEG6000 priming (10%) all improved the germination characteristics of Beiguan, compared to the control. NaCl priming was more effective than hydropriming and PEG6000 priming and was the most successful technique in this study. These findings indicated that seed priming techniques could accelerate germination process and were simple and cheap, we should propose these methods to farmers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Osmopriming on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Characteristics of Carum carvi L.

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Iman Mirmazloum ◽  
Attila Kiss ◽  
Éva Erdélyi ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Éva Zámboriné Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Two experiments (in Petri dishes and in soil) were conducted to investigate the effects of osmopriming on seed germination and the early seedling characteristics of caraway (Carum carvi L. var. annua). The priming treatments in the Petri dish experiment were: polyethylene glycol (5%, 10% and 20%), KNO3 (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and KCL (1%, 2% and 4%) with three different soaking times (12, 24 and 36 h) along with control (non-primed seeds). Only polyethylene glycol and H2O were applied in the cell tray experiment, which were then compared with the non-primed seeds. In the Petri dish experiment, all three priming reagents significantly enhanced seedling length, with the most effective treatments being 5% PEG, 2% KNO3 and 1% KCL for 12 h. The plumule dry weights were also increased significantly after PEG (20% for 36 h), KNO3 (2% for 24 and 36 h) and KCL (1% for 12 h) treatments in comparison with the control. In the soil experiment, osmopriming with PEG significantly improved the germination rate (GR) and percentage, the plumule dry and fresh weights and the plumule length of caraway seedlings when compared with the control. A 23% higher germination percentage was recorded for the seeds treated with 5% PEG for 24 h as compared with the non-primed seeds. The PEG-primed seeds produced significantly longer seedlings when treated with 5% PEG for 24 h. All of the applied PEG treatments significantly enhanced the plumule fresh and dry weights, with the best outcomes being after 5% PEG (24 h) and 10% PEG (36 h) treatments, respectively. The 12-h hydro-priming also significantly enhanced all of the studied germination parameters when compared to the control. The results of the presented experiments show the significant positive effects of seed priming on caraway germination and how early seedling performance can easily be adopted by producers.

Protein Phosphatase Type 2C Functions in Phytohormone-Dependent Pathways and in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Nguyen Chuong ◽  
Xuan Lan Thi Hoang ◽  
Duong Hoang Trong Nghia ◽  
Thai Ngoc Trang Dai ◽  
Van-Anh Le Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
In Planta

: Plants, as sessile organisms, are susceptible to a myriad of stress factors, especially abiotic stresses. Over the course of evolution, they have developed multiple mechanisms to sense and transduce environmental stimuli for appropriate responses. Among those, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, regulated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, respectively, are considered as crucial signal transduction mechanisms. Regarding the latter group, protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) represent the largest division of PPs. In addition, discovery of regulatory functions of PP2Cs in abscisic acid (ABA)-signaling pathway, the major signal transduction pathway in abiotic stress responses, indicates significant importance of PP2C members in plant adaptation to adverse environmental factors. In this review, current understanding of the roles of PP2Cs in different phytohormone-dependent pathways related to abiotic stress is summarized, highlighting the crosstalk between the ABA-signaling pathway with other hormonal pathways via certain ABA-related PP2Cs. We also updated progress of in planta characterization studies of PP2Cs under abiotic stress conditions, providing knowledge of PP2C manipulation in developing abiotic stress-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngdae Yoon ◽  
Deok Hyun Seo ◽  
Hoyoon Shin ◽  
Hui Jin Kim ◽  
Chul Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Tolerance

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.

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