Socio-economic and Demographic Analysis of International Migration from Rural Punjab: A Case Study of Patiala District

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
The People

Based on the primary data covering the period 1951-2019, the study highlights the problems of Brain Drain, Capital Drain, and Loss of Demographic Dividend. As many as 96.62 percent of the people migrated from the age group of 15 to 45 years. Most of the youngsters were migrating just after completing secondary level education. Unemployment, desire to earn more, better living conditions and good administration at the destination, and peer pressure were the main reasons for the migration of the people from rural Punjab. Two-thirds of the migrants sent no remittances to their families. Due to the high cost of migration and low remittances, two-thirds of the households were under debt.

scholarly journals Kredit Rentenir dan Silaturahmi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Novita Rahayu Pratiwi ◽  
Maretha Ika Prajawati ◽  
Basir S
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Credit System ◽  
The People

The study aims to analyze the meaning of debt according to the people of Kampung Kauman who prefer moneylenders than banks as their source of credit. This qualitative research uses a case study. Primary data were obtained through interviews with residents of Kampung Kauman, Pasrepan Village, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, which is located in an Islamic boarding school environment with a religious type of community. Secondary data in the form of details of the credit system to moneylenders. The sample used is saturated, i.e. all those who are credit members to loan sharks. Total informants numbered 21 of 30 households in Kauman Village. The results of this study indicate that the meaning of credit to loan sharks for the community in the study site environment is venture capital, a friendly place of association, mutual relief among credit members, and regarding usury laws on credit.

COMPROMISE IN TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES: A CASE STUDY OF THE RAMBU SOLO’ CEREMONY IN TORAJA REGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasbi ◽  
Mohamad Fauzi Sukimi ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Latief ◽  
Yusriadi Yusriadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose of the study: The rambu solo’ ceremony is a traditional death ceremony of the Tana Toraja regency with roots in local beliefs. However, over time, the tradition has become associated with social status and economic motives. These changes have led to many issues. This article analyses the motivations that drive the compromises that families must accept when selecting a form of rambu solo’. Methodology: This was a case study conducted in the village of Lemo in the regency of Tana Toraja. Primary data collected through in-depth interviews and observation. Informants consisted of cultural figures, religious figures, and indigenous locals with experience performing rambu solo’ — secondary data taken from existing literature about Toraja Regency. Main Findings: Results showed that compromises taken for motives of social status were irrational but comprised the most common reasoning behind rambu solo’ ceremony selection. For those families motivated by social status, choice of rambu solo’ ceremony form performed for one of two reasons: preserving their social status ascribed to them from birth (attributed status) Applications of this study: The selection of non-rapasanrambu solo’ ceremonies based on economic motives were rationally-sound but relatively rare. Avoiding wastefulness in the performing of rambu solo’ is done through simplifying the procession through shortening the storage period of the remains of the deceased before the rambu solo’ reducing the number of days of the rambu solo’ ceremony. Novelty/Originality of this study: This shows that irrational decision-making, in the context of traditional ceremonies, cannot be considered irrational; even irrational decisions can be justified and explained based on individual interpretations of rationality based on local culture. Interestingly, social status was the most common motive form selection based on economic motives were rational but less popular among the people sound choice theory

Religion, Political Contestation and Democracy: Kiai's Role as Vote Broker in Madurese Local Political Battle

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Asmawati Asmawati ◽  
Towar Ikbal Tawakkal ◽  
Sholih Muadi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Know How ◽  
Local Election ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The People ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Political Battle

This study aimed to know how the kiai as religious figures who had the highest social status in Pamekasan Regency carried out their work as vote brokers. This study was a qualitative research with a case study method. The research depended on verbal data and information of vote raising done by public figures in a Madurese local election. Intensive interview with some kiai as the key informants was done to get the intended information. They were chosen as primary data sources because they were public religious figures whom the people adhere to. The result showed that kiai with their social capital as vote brokers mobilizing the masses properly attracted political bosses who competed in the local election. Kiai with their religiosity played as an intermediary in delivering material for intended voters. However, it was unethical when the kiai as a religious figure provided material for voters. As a local figure who has a good image in a community, kiai became a major element in the progress of the democratic process. It can be concluded that the kiai as a highly respected religious figure contributed to the democracy to be well organized in the future.

scholarly journals Kaf'ah Ignore Factors in Marriage (Case Study in Bale Busu Village, Mutiara Subdistrict, Pidie Regency)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-781
Author(s):  
Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Arranged Marriages ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
The People

Kafa'ahis an alternative for people who want to do marriage in choosing their partner. It is prescribedkafā'ahis to form a sakian household, mawaddah and rahmah. In general, people's understanding of the meaning ofkafā'ahalready understand, but many people ignore it due to certain things. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach. The data sources are primary data sources and secondary data sources using two data collection techniques, namely interview and observation data collection techniques. The results of his research show thatfactors that influence people to ignore kafaah are: (1) prefer a partner who has religious knowledge (2) kafā'ah is not a legal requirement for marriage; (3) Economic Factors (4)their own intentions and arranged marriages by their parents are the causes of non-sequential marriages; (5) choose their own partner and love each other. So the conclusion is that the people of Bale Busu Village actually really understand the meaning of kafā'ah but the practice is very little from the community because it is influenced by certain factors.

scholarly journals PENTINGNYA PENANGANAN PASCABENCANA YANG BERFOKUS PADA PENDUDUK UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN BUILD BACK BETTER: PEMBELAJARAN DARI BENCANA PALU, SIGI, DAN DONGGALA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Ketut Surtiari
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
General Rehabilitation ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Post Disaster

Sendai Framework 2015-2030 highlights the importance of build back better after a disaster. Post-disaster management is an important stage to reach this goal.  In general, rehabilitation process tends to focus on physical aspects and rarely considering people as the center. This paper aims to examine the rehabilitation process after earthquake and tsunami in Central Sulawesi in 2018 focused on opportunities and challenges to build back better. The temporary shelter (Huntara) is selected as the case study as it is the most urgent need after disaster. Data analysis is based on literature reviews and primary data from rapid assessment in December 2018 in Palu, Sigi, and Donggala. Based on the people-centered concept, results show that most of the temporary shelters are provided as a product and less concern about its function as a process. However, some temporary shelters have considered the process that comes from civil society’s initiatives. They propose Huntara as a transition by proposing a feeling of comfort and secure. To conclude, survivors need to be involved in the rehabilitation process to build back better.

scholarly journals The Aqiqah and Circumcision in the Bajo Tribe Tradition : An Overview of Cultural Acculturation

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Ferlin Anwar ◽  
Prof Mustakimah ◽  
Roni Mohammad ◽  
Muhammad Obie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The People ◽  
New Religion ◽  
Islamic Values

This study analyzed the rituals of aqiqah and circumcision, along with the inclusion of Islam in the Bajo tribe life. The research used a qualitative approach with a case study and ethnographic methods. Informants, as primary data sources, were selected by purposive sampling and snowball techniques. The researchers collected data through observation, interviews, focused group discussions, and document reviews. The researchers then analyzed the data by grouping, making a sequence, and abbreviating the data so that it was easy to read. The results stated that long before embracing Islam, the Bajo tribe had a tradition that was upheld by the people. After adopting Islam as a new religion for them, the practice of old traditions that have been passed down since their ancestors retained it. Then there is the acculturation of Islamic values in the Bajo culture. Aqiqah and circumcision, which are Islamic orders, are accepted and practiced by the Bajo by utilizing the ritual traditions they used to do before Islam. Values of worship of the spirit along with its main ingredients such as betel leaves, turmeric, areca nut, etcetera are maintained in the practice of aqiqah and circumcision by adopting the recitation of remembrance sourced from the al Qur’an.

scholarly journals BANKING FACILITIES IN TRIBAL DOMINATED RURAL AREAS - A CASE STUDY OF HEZAMARA BLOCK, MOHANPUR, TRIPURA

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Sayan Saha ◽  
Kiran Sankar Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The People ◽  
Bank Accounts ◽  
To Receive

A bank is a financial institution licensed to receive deposits, make credits and provide other banking facilities – transactions,payments and insurance.By the way of implementing the concept of financial inclusion,a vast section of the rural disadvantaged tribal people in India was gradually coming under the ambit of formal banking services.As per the report of the World Bank's (2017) Global Findex shows that nearly 80 percent of the people in India had a bank account. However a significant portion of tribal people in India are excluded from the ambit of the banking facilities in the country. In this background the present paper aims to assess the level of access to banking facilities among the tribal people of Hezamara Block of Mohanpur,Tripura and to study their awareness level about financial products and services offered by the banks.The present study is based on primary data collected from the 200 tribal households in Hezamara Block through a set questionnaire and discussion.It has found that 100 percent of sample tribal respondents are having bank accounts and majority of the respondents have their bank accounts in Tripura Gramin Banks (TGBs) and Tripura State Co-operative Banks (TSCBs) respectively.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infections Among the Patients Attending Nyanza District Hospital, Rwanda in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Cyuzuzo Callixte ◽  
Adamu Ayubu ◽  
Pudji Lestari ◽  
Ndayisaba Daniel ◽  
Theresia Indah Budhy
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The People ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and aims: Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite and a causative agent of amoebiasis which is a common life-threatening parasitic disease. This study was intended to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica and to provide the primary data about its infections among the patients attending Nyanza District Hospital in Rwanda. Methods: Bottles were used to collect 138 stool specimens from patients. All the samples were physically analyzed based on their colors, states, and the presence of blood or mucus. The wet preparation method and zinc sulphate floatation technique were used to concentrate the parasites. Microscopic analysis was done to examine the presence of cysts and trophozoites. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test and independent t test. Results: The prevalence of E. histolytica was 15.94%. The sex distribution of infections revealed that males (21.54%) were more infected than females (10.95%). The highest prevalence of E. histolytica was found in the age group of 1-19 years old (27.11%) and the lowest prevalence was observed in the age group of 20-39 years old (6.89%). A prevalence of 33.33% was reported among the people who directly drink tap water and 40% of infections among the patients who did not wash their hands before eating and after using latrines. Conclusion: Overall, E. histolytica is still considered as a health burden in Nyanza District Hospital. Therefore, it is vital to control direct exposure to its risk factors for mitigating the occurrence of amoebiasis.

scholarly journals Community Participation in the Reduction of Land Degradation: The Case Study of Shebel Berenta District, Amhara National Region State

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Adane Mengist ◽  
Tsegahun Nurie ◽  
Mulugeta Nega ◽  
Genanew Jmeberu
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
Grazing Lands

Shebel Berenta district is one of the highland areas of Ethiopia highly prone to land degradation and drought by the report of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, (OCHA). Assessment of community participation to combat land degradation was the main objective of this study. Mixed research approach with concurrent triangulation design was followed. The target kebeles and the number of respondents were selected purposively. The sample size was found to be 368, which was determined by the Yemaneh (1967) formula and addressed through geographical listing method. Primary data was collected through Questionnaire, interview and FGD; whereas secondary data was also gained from researches, reports and different documents. The quantitative data was analyzed descriptively, and the qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The result shows that the trend of community participation is found to be decreasing/passive and dominated by the top down or planner centered approach of community participation as it was supported by 72.4% and 86.3% out of 149 and 219 total respondents from vulnerable and less vulnerable kebeles respectively. Incentives to inspire community participation are low and not adequate and resulted in the lack of willingness of the community. Lack of awareness, expansion of open grazing lands, lack of commitment from the people and government side, lack of consistency of Sustainable Land Management Practices (SLM), geographical barriers and others are the observed challenges of CP in the area.

scholarly journals Understanding the Effects of Stigma Associated with Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2356-2371
Author(s):  
Rishiraj Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mental Health Stigma ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The People

Abstract: The purpose of our study is to understand the effects of the stigma associated with therapy in the final decision of people whether to seek psychotherapy or not. The study is based on a game-theoretical model which tries to explain the negative effects of the stigma on the total payoff one gets from therapy. The stigma arises from a lack of information on the importance of mental wellbeing. We hypothesise, and our data validates our claim that the people belonging to the age group of 18-25, are amongst the first generations to have received formal education on mental health and its importance, and thus we keep that age group out of our study. The model states that if the sum of the costs, namely the fear of judgement (direct stigma), the presumption of no real benefit arising from therapy (indirect stigma), and even the monetary cost, is more than the perceived benefit, people don’t seek therapy. To validate this model, we collect primary data of 251 respondents, filter out the responses of those belonging to the age bracket of 18-25 because of the reasons mentioned above, leaving us with 67 responses, enough to assume normality. We regress the variable, “Whether people consider seeking therapy in the future or not” on the following cost variables. The beta coefficients of the stigma cost variables come out to be significant and negative. Thus, our model correctly explains the reason why people may decide to not seek psychotherapy. Keywords: Mental Health, Stigma, Therapy, Game Theory

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