scholarly journals MULTIPLICATIVE EFFECTS OF HYBRID THREATS*

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Anatolii Mazaraki ◽  
Nataliya Kalyuzhna ◽  
Larysa Sarkisian
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Analytical Services ◽  
Multiplicative Effects

The purpose of this article is to develop methodological approaches to assess the likelihood of multiplicative effects of hybrid threat combinations based on their systematization according to the key areas of hybrid confrontation. Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis are used to identify the key areas of hybrid confrontation; methods of abstraction and generalization - to justify the multiplicative effects of implementing combinations of hybrid threats; method of mathematical modeling – to formalize the criterion of effectiveness of various hybrid aggression tools. The research is based on scientific publications, materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and European analytical services. Results of the study. It has been proved that the transformation of modern interstate conflicts takes place in the direction of acquiring by them signs of hybridization, provided that it is understood as a process of using various means of pressure, predominantly of non-military nature. It is argued that the urgent task in the context of counteracting hybrid threats is to assess the probability of multiplicative effects from the implementation of their combinations. The military, economic and information spheres have been identified as key dimensions of the hybrid confrontation. The specifics of hybrid threats in the economic sphere are those that would allow the country initiating the aggression to disguise its participation in the conflict, and the target country to obtain critical resources for the development of its economic system. The essence of synergy and cumulation effects is considered and their interpretation in the coordinates of hybrid warfare is given. The relevant effects are defined as multiplicative, that is, those that have a multiplier effect, providing accumulation (accumulation) and synergy (amplification) from the implementation of threats in different areas of hybrid confrontation. Practical implications. Assessing the likelihood of the multiplier effect of a variety of hybrid threats will focus on countering those combinations of threats that can have a significant impact on the political and economic system of the state of hybrid aggression. Value/originality. Justification and formalization of conditions for obtaining multiplicative (cumulative and synergistic) effects from the use of various hybrid confrontation tools.

scholarly journals CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OF ENERGY SOURCES IMPORTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
MEREZHKO Nina ◽  
ZOLOTAROVA Oksana ◽  
KALUGA Nina
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
High Share ◽  
The Eu

Background. The high share of imported energy resources in the structure of the fuel and energy complex reduces the level of energy security. Ukraine is 85% dependent on imports of petroleum products. In such conditions, it is important to ensure the effective functioning of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service, which carries out customs control and clearance throughout the customs territory of Ukraine. The analysis of recent research and publications has shown that systematic studies of features of customs control and registration of energy sources are absent. However, scientists have studied the peculiarities of energy moving across the customs border in Ukraine and the EU, the problematic issues of customs formalities for goods moving across the customs border of Ukraine by pipeline. The aim of the article is to study and systematize information on customs clearance of energy sources in Ukraine, identify problematic issues and develop proposals to improve the efficiency of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service. Materials and methods. The information base contains scientific publications of domestic scientists, normative-legal and legislative base of Ukraine. Methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization and comparison of data from scientific sources are used. Results. The main tasks of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service in ensuring the implementation of policy in the field of customs are analyzed. The analysis of dynamics of export-import operations with oil products on the market of Ukraine for 2011–2020 is carried out. Proposals have been developed to speed up and simplify customs control of oil products and increase the efficiency of the Energy Customs of the State Customs Service. Conclusion. To increase the efficiency of the Energy Customs, it is necessary to intensify work in the areas of: use of technical means of customs control, installation of weighing systems, introduction of express laboratories to strengthen control and reduce customs clearance time, purchase and use resources of leading price agencies to control customs value of oil products, use of oil products labeling for identification purposes.

scholarly journals INTENSITY OF HYBRID THREATS TO NATIONAL ECONOMIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
KALIUZHNA Nataliia
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Real Danger

Background. In the context of growing tendencies to hybridize interstate conflicts, hybrid threats become especially important, which, in contrast to direct military threats, are difficult to identify and have their own logic of emergence and escalation. The hidden nature of hybrid aggression and the focus on the most vulnerable parties necessitate a proactive response of the object state based on a thorough assessment of the potential impact of hybrid confrontation on the development of the national economy. The aim of the article isto substantiate the criteria for the intensity of the impact of hybrid threats on the national economy in order to further assess the risks of threats to the state-object of hybrid aggression. Materials and methods. Methods of analysis and synthesis are used to determine the relationship of basic concepts of risk in the context of the study of socio-economic processes; method of mathematical modeling – to formalize the criterion of the intensity of the destructive impact of hybrid threats on the national economy; method of graphical modeling – to visualize the dynamics of escalation of the destructive effects of hybrid threats. The research was performed on the basisof scientific publications, materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and European analytical services. Results. It is substantiated that the transformation of modern interstate conflicts takes place in the direction of their acquisition of signs of hybridization, provided that it is understood as a process of using various means of pressure, mostly of a non-military nature. It is proved that the high destructive potential of hybrid threats requires the definition of criteria for the intensity of their impact on the national economy in order to further assess the risks of threats to the state-object of hybrid aggression. The author's interpretation of the relationship between the basic concepts of risk in the context of the study of socio-economic processes, which are arranged by the level of escalation in the following order: potential danger, potential threat, real threat, risk situation, real danger. Based on the definition of the specifics of hybrid threats, their key characteristics are systematized and the destructive impact on the national economy is structured. It is substantiated that the generalizing characteristics of the destructive impact of hybrid threats on the national economy should be recognized as the level of its intensity, which is determined by the probability of the threat realization and potential losses. It is proved that the escalation of hybrid threats to economically weak and vulnerable states to the level of real danger is almost inevitable if their interests conflict with the ambitions of leading geopolitical actors. Conclusion. Interval assessment of the criteria for the intensity of hybrid threats allows structuring their destructive impact on the national economy from the minimum (potential danger) to the maximum (real danger) level of escalation. The structuring of the destructive impact of hybrid threats creates a basis for assessing the risks of threats to the state-object of hybrid aggression depending on the level of their intensity and overcoming the negative consequences for the economy of the state-object of hybrid aggression.

AGRARIAN REFORM UNDER THE REIGN OF JOKO WIDODO VIEWED FROM BASIC AGRARIAN LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Rizka Refliarny ◽  
Herawan Sauni ◽  
Hamdani Ma'akir
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Will ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Agrarian Law ◽  
Priority Program

This study raises the issue of agrarian reform draft under the reign of President Joko Widodo. Agrarian reform became a priority program in the RPJMN of 2015-2019. Based on this matter, the writer analyzes the concept of agrarian reform during the reign of Joko Widodo terms of BAL. The nature of the study was a normative research with statute approach, which was done in four ways, namely descriptive, comparative, evaluative and argumentative. The results showed that the agrarian reform draft during the reign of Joko Widodo is a concept of land stewardship and land reform. The economic system leads to a form of capitalism. It is necessary to conduct refinement of content and material of BAL implementation in order to achieve the justice and the welfare of the nation and the State. The agrarian reform program should be carried out in stages in order to obtain the desired results. It requires the will, ability and active involvement of all elements of the state.

KONSTITUSI EKONOMI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-74
Author(s):  
Syaugi Syaugi
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Economic Ideology

    As a constitution, the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 regulates how the national economic system should be arranged and developed. In the perspective of constitution, the implementation of sharia economy does not mean the state directs a particular economic ideology. Philosophically, the ideals of Indonesian economic law is to initiate and prepare the legal concept of economic life. Shariah economy has a strong foundation both formally shariah and formallyconstitution. Formally shariah means the existence of shariah economy has a strong foundation in Indonesian legal system. Formally constitution means, in the context of the state, Shariah economy has a constitutional basis. The existence of laws relating to shariah economy shows that the Indonesian economic system givesa place to the shariah economy.

Tocotrienols and Cancer: From the State of the Art to Promising Novel Patents

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Michela Raimondi ◽  
Monica Marzagalli ◽  
Roberta M. Moretti ◽  
Marina Montagnani Marelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The State ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Important Health

Background: Tocotrienols (TTs) are vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in several plants and vegetable oils. Like Tocopherols (TPs), they comprise four isoforms, α, β, γ and δ, but unlike TPs, they present an unsaturated isoprenoid chain. Recent studies indicate that TTs provide important health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cholesterol lowering and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, they have been found to possess unique anti-cancer properties.Objective:The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state of the art of TTs role in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to describe recent patents proposing new methods for TTs isolation, chemical modification and use in cancer prevention and/or therapy.Methods:Recent literature and patents focusing on TTs anti-cancer applications have been identified and reviewed, with special regard to their scientific impact and novelty.Results:TTs have demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity in multiple tumor types, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have shown synergistic effects when given in combination with standard anti-cancer agents or other anti-tumor natural compounds. Finally, new purification processes and transgenic sources have been designed in order to improve TTs production, and novel TTs formulations and synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.Conclusion:The promising anti-cancer effects shown by TTs in several preclinical studies may open new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in different tumors. Thus, clinical trials aimed at confirming TTs chemopreventive and tumor-suppressing activity, particularly in combination with standard therapies, are urgently needed.

Theoretical foundations of constitutional consolidation of the principles of social state and law

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Roman P. Lutskyi ◽  
Roman V. Zvarych ◽  
Vitalii B. Skomorovskyi ◽  
Liliia Y. Korytko ◽  
Olga B. Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Social State ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Empirical Level

The authors of this article analysed doctrinal provisions, as well as Ukrainian constitutional legal practice. The social component of the system of functions of the modern state was studied. The present article analyses the activities of states where an intellectual, political, and practical breakthrough was made in solving the problem of state functions in the context of socio-economic reform. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the implementation of social activities of the Ukrainian state. The methodological framework of this study includes the main general scientific methods, namely socio-economic methods and techniques of the empirical level of cognition, the method of systematic analysis of numerous theoretical provisions on positive law, historical and statistical methods, the method of comparisons and analogies, generalisation methods, an analytical review of the available scientific publications on the subject under study. Furthermore, scientific methods in the field of legal science were also employed, such as normative-logical, comparative legal, historical legal. It was concluded that a social state is a state whose policy has a priority social orientation, which is expressed in the appropriate service of civil society by the state, the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for the realisation of economic, social, and cultural human rights, the guarantee of its social protection and social security, based on the socio-economic capabilities of the state based on the principles of justice, proportionality, and a harmonious combination (balance) of public and human interests

Sociо-economic security as a factor in the development of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
E.L. Arhipov ◽  
◽  
E.N. Boguslav ◽  
Klimina K.V. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Economic Sphere

The article examines one of the most important topics of our state, which affects its development - social and economic security. With the help of the methodological basis, the analysis of assessments of economic security and their threshold values, the entire process of ensuring the socio-economic security of the Rus-sian Federation is being studied. Threats and ways of their solution are identified on the basis of the stud-ied criteria and indicators, as well as the role of the interests of members of society in the socio-economic system of the country. One of the main tools and factors in the development of Russia is the methodological substantiation and analysis, based on indicators, of ensuring socio-economic security, since they help to predict the direction of the state's development rates in the economic sphere, as well as the effectiveness of government bodies’ work.

On the issue of improving the legal framework in the framework of the system of children health in the Russian Federation (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Oksana Borisovna Karpova ◽  
Anna Anatolyevna Zagoruichenko
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Child Health

The state of maternal and child health plays a key role in promoting and protecting public health. The article analyzes and summarizes the results of the analysis of legislative support for maternal and child health. The analysis of individual indicators that determine the current state of medical organizations ‘activities is presented. The purpose of the study is to determine the current directions for improving the system of maternal and child health in Russia. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: information and analytical, content analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis. Sources of primary information — scientific publications, Rosstat data, regulatory legal materials. Results and discussion. Proposals for the use of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in protecting the health of mothers and children are identified. There is a need to improve the use of the current regulatory and legislative framework to improve individual indicators of the state of health of mothers and children. The analysis showed that positive results were achieved in 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation in terms of improving maternal and child health. Conclusion. The implementation of regulatory legal provisions in this area should be based on a comprehensive coordination of all activities between various departments and structures, regional characteristics of the state of health of mothers and children and such areas as prevention of neglect, medical and social assistance to orphans and children left without parental care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and providing the children’s population with sanatorium-resort medical organizations should be taken into account.

A systemic method of investigating the development of human potential: the individual as an economic and social actor

2021 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Maria Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Human Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The article argues that considering the individual as an economic and social actor in a socio-economic System makes it possible to look into various aspects of human development at different levels in interrelation. The main indicators of the economic and social subsystems are analyzed, which characterize the development of human potential in Russia in the period 2010-2019. A number of measures for the development of social responsibilities of the state, charity and volunteering have been substantiated.

The model of State financial aid to business during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia: A framework, tools, and practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-140
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Yu. KISELEVA ◽  
Lola D. SANGINOVA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
National Model ◽  
Official Data

Subject. The article discusses the financial aid the State provides to business during the COVID-19 crisis. Objectives. We analyze the financial aid the State provides to the Russian businesses as a single model, considering the national specifics. Methods. The study involves methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, generalization, etc. The study is based on factual and official data for H1 2020. Results. There is a national model of the financial aid the State provides to businesses in Russia, which is intended to temporarily provide businesses with funds in force majeure and ensure their uninterrupted operation, protect small and medium-sized business and market competition. We analyze key tools of the State support and substantiate our suggestions how it should be maintained for certain types and areas of business in the post-crisis period. Conclusions and Relevance. The current situation with COVID-19 made the State organize business support, provide businesses with financial resources on certain terms or use business protection tools.

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