The protective effect of p-coumaric acid on toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) against toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 in each group, were used. 4 groups were formed as control, toluene, p-CA and toluene+p-CA. Animals in the control group, toluene group and p-CA group were given 0.9% NaCl, 0.9 mg/kg b.w toluene and 100 mg/kg b.w p-CA orally for 21 days, respectively. The animals in toluene+p-CA group were received p-CA for 3 days and from day 4, toluene and p-CA were applied together daily until day 25. On the 25th day, the study was terminated, blood and tissue samples were collected. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine levels in serum, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the tissue samples were determined. Results. In this study, it was determined that there were significant increases in ALT and AST activities, and creatinine levels in toluene-induced group compared to control group. Moreover, there was a decrease in the GSH-Px activities and GSH levels, and an increase in the MDA levels compared to the control group. However, in the toluene+p-CA group, significant decreases in aminotransferases activities, creatinine and MDA levels, and significant increases in GSH-Px activities and GSH levels were determined compared to the toluene group. Conclusions. It has been determined that p-CA has a protective effect against toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

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The Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Ocimum basilicum on CaCl2-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias in Rats

Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology ◽

10.5812/jjcmb.110309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Kheradmandpour ◽

Seyed Abolfazl Aminifar ◽

Mahin Dianat

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tissue Samples

: Ocimum basilicum (OB) contains more than 30 plant species that are found in different regions, especially in Africa. OB contains various substances, especially Chavikol, Methyl Ether or Strangol, Linalool, and Agenol, which have antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-lipid properties. On the other hand, along with lifestyle changes, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, which cause high mortality, is increasing. Moreover, the modern drugs used for arrhythmia can also induce another type of abnormal heart rhythm. Regarding the effectiveness and fewer side effects of herbal medicine, we decided to study the preventive effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of OB on CaCl2-induced arrhythmias in rats. Male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into the control group (2 weeks, normal saline, gavage) and three groups receiving different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extract of OB (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, gavage for 2 weeks). The arrhythmia model was established using CaCl2 (IV, 140 mg/kg). The number of ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular premature (PVC), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) were studied. Also, the oxidative stress parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured in heart tissue samples. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test and ANOVA, and also, P < 0.05 was considered as a significant level. The obtained results showed that administration of OB caused a decrease in MDA and an increase in SOD levels, which were associated with improved electrocardiogram parameters and reduced cardiac arrhythmias, which suggests the therapeutic potential of the plant in cardiovascular disorders.

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Protective effect of Asarum sieboldii essential oil on ovalbumin induced allergic rhinitis in rat

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20191370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Zhicheng Zhang ◽

Haoran Kang

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Cytokine Levels

Abstract Background: The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of Asarum sieboldii Miq. essential oil (AEO) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in rats. Methods and results: Sixty Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=10): control, model, cetirizine (Cet, 4.65 g/kg), and AEO (0.5, 1.5, 3 g/kg) groups. All animals except the control group received repeated intranasal instillation with 20 μl of 20% OVA in Al(OH)3 saline solvent for 15 days. The control group was intranasally instilled with 5 mg/ml of Al(OH)3 instead of the same procedure. In the 15 days, Cet and AEO were orally administrated for 28 days. At the end of the drug administration, 20 μl of 5% OVA was given to animals to stimulate allergic reaction, then the rat behavioral detection, assessment of the patho-morphological changes in nasal mucosa, and the serum biomarkers were determined. The result showed that AEO could significantly reduce the amount of nasal secretions, sneezing, and the degree of nasal scratching in AR rats with EC50 = 1.5 and 2.8 g/kg, respectively. The degree of nasal mucosal inflammation in AEO group improved, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17 were decreased, and the level of IFN-γ was increased obviously with EC50 = 2 g/kg. Conclusion: The study suggested that the possible mechanism might be related with the inhibition of histamine release and regulation of the cytokine levels, which plays an important role in the treatment of AR.

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Effect of Sesame Oil on Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes in Male Albino Rats Treated With Carbone Tetrachloride (CCl4)

Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.30526/2017.ihsciconf.1769 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Rashaa Faiq Abdul-Lattif

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Fourth Group

This study was designed to investigate the effect of sesame oil on lipid profile and liver enzyme in male albino rats treated with Carbone tetrachloride (CCl4). Forty adult male rats were divided into four equal groups, first group was daily administrated with tap water, the second group was injected with CCl4 (80mg/kg.BW/day), the third group was administrated with sesame oil (150mg/kg.BW/day) and the fourth group was injected with CCl4 (80mg/kg.BW/day) and was administrated with sesame oil (150 mg /kg.BW /day) for 30 days. The statistical results of the present study showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of cholesterol , triglycerides and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the group treated with CCl4 compared with control group, also a significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of liver enzymes Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , no difference on High density lipoprotein (HDL) level .The fourth group that was administrated with sesame oil and injected with CCl4 showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of cholesterol, triglyceride , LDL and also a significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver enzymes Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared with the group that injected with Carbone tetrachloride CCl4. It is concluded that sesame oil has a protective effect against the toxicity of Carbone tetrachloride on the liver.

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Saccharomyces boulardii as effective probiotic against Shiegella flexneri in mice

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.1.307 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

Nedhaal S. Zbar ◽

Lamyiaa F. Nashi ◽

Shahlaa M. Saleh

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Study

This study was designed to evaluate the ability of Saccharomyce buolardi as effective probiotic against Shiegella flexneri. Mice treated with S. boulardii and infected with Sh. flexneri, then serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of treated mice were measured and histological sections were made from liver to evaluate protective effect. Results showed that mice treated with S. boulardii exhibited no significant p≤0.05 differences in serum level of AST and ALT 131,67 respectively U/L in comparison with their levels in serum of control group 113.2, 72.86 U/L. Mice infected with Sh. flexneri showed a significant increase in serum level of AST and ALT 198, 101 U/L in comparison with their levels 113,72 U/L in control group. Mice treated with S. boulardii and infected with Sh. flexneri showed a significant decrease in serum level of AST and ALT in comparison with their levels in mice infected with Sh. flexneri 80.13,78.26 U/L vs. 198 and 101 U/L respectively. Histopathological study showed that infection with Sh. flexneri caused a necrosis, degenerative changes and inflammatory cells infiltration as compared with control, while treatment with S. boulardii prevented the histopathological effect of Sh. flexneri.

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PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS ON DNA DAMAGE, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND LUNG MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CIGARETTE SMOKE-EXPOSED RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.26352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zamri Ks ◽

Norripin Mkn ◽

Darus Fi ◽

Ekambaram Dg ◽

Abdul Raof Nd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

High Performance ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tissue Samples

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of Chlorella vulgaris (ChV), antioxidant-rich unicellular green alga, and in cigarette smoke-exposed rats.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control Group (C), ChV group (300 mg/kg body weight), cigarette smoke-exposed (S) group, and S group treated with ChV (S+ChV). Blood samples were drawn from the orbital sinus on days 0, 15, and 30 for the determination of DNA damage by Comet assay and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Rats were killed on day 30, and lung tissue samples were taken for the evaluation of airspace enlargement and number of inflammatory cells.Results: Increased DNA damage (1004.8 au + 329.2, day 15; 1102.7 + 197.8, day 30) and high MDA levels (10.66 + 0.27, day 15; 10.29 + 0.9 day 30) were found in cigarette smoke-exposed rats on days 15 and 30 but were reduced significantly (p<0.05) when treated with ChV (DNA: 482.6 + 223.3, day15; 423.5 + 74.6, day 30 and MDA: 6.1 + 0.6, day15; 6.6 + 2.5, day 30) for both days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that cigarette smoke-exposed rats had high frequency of airspace enlargement and number of inflammatory cells which were reduced when treated with ChV.Conclusion: ChV has a protective role in cigarette smoke-exposed rats by reducing oxidative DNA damage, MDA levels, lung cells inflammation, and airspace enlargement.

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The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1569

Author(s):

Tomislav Šušnjar ◽

Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽

Ivan Švagelj ◽

Anđela Jurišić ◽

Tomislav Šušnjar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Study Groups ◽

Testicular Biopsy ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Left Testis ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

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Comparison of Bax and Caspase-3 Protein Expression in Liver Cells following UVB Irradiation for 7 days and Treatment of Pimpinella alpina Molk during 7 and 15 days

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v19i2.45011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 296-303

Author(s):

Eni Widayati ◽

Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽

Azizah Hikma Savitri ◽

Nurina Tyagita

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Medical Science ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Uvb Irradiation ◽

The Difference

Objective: The effect of Pimpinela alpina Molk (PaM) on decrease in Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in liver cells apoptosis have been proven. However, the difference result between 7 and 15 days treatment duration of PaM need to be confirmed. This study aimed to confirm that treatment of PaM during 15 days is more effective decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in liver cells following UVB irradiation. Methods: In the post test only control group design, 35 Sprague Dawley male rats, 300 gram body weight were divided into two arms, consisting of three groups respectively. First arm comprise Neg-7, PaM7-100, and PaM7-150. Second arm comprise Neg-15, PaM15-100, and PaM15-150. Nor-G was added as normal control neither exposed to UVB nor PaM treatment. In negative group was only radiated to UVB and PaM groups were exposed to UVB and treatment with 100, and 150 mg PaM per oral for 7 and 15 days respectively. At day 8 (first arm) and 16 (second arm), liver organ was taken and Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression assessed by Immunohistochemical staining method. Result: Post Hoc LSD analysis indicated that Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in PaM15-100 and PaM15-150 was significant lower compared to that of Nor-G, PaM7-100, and PaM7-150, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Ttreatment of PaM with doses 100 and 150 mg for 15 days was better in decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression of liver cells following UVB irradiation. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.296-303

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Abstract P211: Single High Na + Ingestion Leads To An Increase In Oxidative Stress And Triggers Inflammation.

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.p211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ginette Bordcoch ◽

Ivan Tavera Busso ◽

Juan Masjoan Juncos ◽

Luis I Juncos

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

The United States ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Aortic Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Extracellular Signal ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

The Difference

Hypertension has been linked to a progressive increased in oxidative stress and inflammation. The high prevalence of hypertension poses a great risk to public health as 108 million adults in the United States have the condition. For that reason, a better understanding of the link between a high Na+ intake and the development of hypertension is of crucial importance. We hypothesize that a single ingestion of a high Na+ solution leads to increased oxidative stress and triggers an inflammatory response. Wistar 200-250 g male rats had gastric infusions through the esophagus. Groups were infused with 8 mL liquid Vaseline (Control), 8 mL of NaCl 0.684 M (4% m/v), and 8 mL of NaCl 1.368 M (8% m/v). After infusion, blood was collected at different time points during the first hour. Tissue samples were obtained from the aorta, heart, and kidney. Electron Microscopy (EM) was performed on all tissues, which were also analyzed for molecular markers of oxidative stress: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), and an inflammation marker: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK). At 2 and a half minutes, serum Na+ concentration was unchanged in the control group compared to an increase observed in animals receiving 4% and 8% Na+ with concentrations of 135±1.4 mEq/L, 141±2.0 mEq/L, and 140±1.2 mEq/L respectively. At the 1-hour time point after infusion, the difference was further increased in the 8% group with serum concentrations of 135±1.8 mEq/L, 140±1.5 mEq/L, and 152±1mEq/L respectively (p<0.05). There was an increase in oxidative stress in the aorta from values of 36.22±4.64 mU/mg SOD and 0.131±0.013 pg/mL MDA in the control group, to 47.11±4.89 mU/mg SOD and 0.291±0.022 pg/mL MDA in the 8% group (p<0.05 in both cases). The same was observed in the heart, where values were: 174.6125.26 mU/mg SOD, 0.026±0.007 pg/mL MDA in controls, and 259.22±21.98 mU/mg SOD, 0.215±0.073 pg/mL MDA in 8% group (p<0.05 both cases). Increased ERK in aortic tissue, values of 0.29±0.03 pg/mL in controls, 2.68±0.18 pg/mL in 4% group and 3.97±0.68pg/mL in 8% group (p<0.05) suggest increased inflammation. We conclude that the elevation in serum Na+ concentration that follows Na+ ingestion leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

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Multi Floral Honey Has a Protective Effect against Mammary Cancer Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in Sprague Dawley Rats

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n2p196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamed R. Takruri ◽

Maha S. Shomaf ◽

Saida F. Shnaigat

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Mammary Cancer ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Light Cycle ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Dark Light

This research was conducted to study the protective effect of bee honey on the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- induced breast cancer in rat model. The study consisted of three groups: honey group, positive control group (PC), and negative control group (NC) to which the carcinogen was not administered. All rats were fed the diet recommended by the American Institute of Nutrition for growing rats (AIN-93G), with addition of honey (50 g/kg diet) to the honey group. All Rats were fed their diets ad libitum on 12 hours dark/light cycle. At the age of 50 days all rats in the honey and PC groups were gavaged once by the carcinogen DMBA with a dose of 80 mg/kg body Wt. After three weeks of carcinogen administration, rats were palpated weekly to detect any tumor growth. After 18 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. The palpable structures and the mammary glands along with associated lymph nodes were removed and fixed in saline formalin and prepared for histopathological examination. The results revealed that the honey group diet significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence rate of mammary cancer, palpable tumor multiplicity, tumor size and weight compared to the PC group. In conclusion, multi floral honey has a protective effect against DMBA- induced mammary cancer in the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. However, further research is needed to reveal the mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effect of honey against mammary cancer.

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Predictive value of the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio in early diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v8i11.623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 650-654

Author(s):

İbrahim Kale

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Apri Score ◽

In Pregnancy

Objective: We aimed to investigate the predictive value of the first-trimester aspartate aminotransferase/platelet count ratio index (APRI) and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio for intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy (ICP). Material and Methods: The clinical data of patients who admitted to the Obstetrics Department of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, between 2015-2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The study group consisted of 44 patients with ICP and the control group consisted of randomly selected 92 healthy pregnant women. Results: The two groups were similar in terms of age, BMI, first and third-trimester platelet count and third-trimester hemoglobin level. Patients with ICP had a significantly higher first-trimester APRI and a lower first trimester AST/ALT ratio than the healthy controls (p <0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). According to the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of the APRI to predict ICP was 0.191, with the sensitivity of 0.66 and specificity of 0.66 (AUC: 0,727), and the optimal cut-off value for AST/ALT ratio was 1.07, with the sensitivity of 0.64, and specificity of 0.62 (AUC: 0,681). Conclusion: The first-trimester APRI score and AST/ALT ratio is an easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive tool that may be useful in predicting ICP early.

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