scholarly journals Modeling of feed additives for poultry, with the inclusion of probiotic strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Galina Zelenkova ◽  
Alexey Zelenkov ◽  
Antonina Pahomova ◽  
Alexander Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Ideal

The distribution of feed containing probiotics is one of the most attractive trends in modern animal husbandry for consumers. The introduction of a live component makes the feed not only more effective, but also reduces the content of toxic components, making animal products more environmentally friendly. However, the introduction of viable cells of beneficial microorganisms into the feed significantly increases the requirements for the level of feed design, which in turn forces the development of new, unusual algorithms for such design for zootechnics. First of all, the development of feed additives with the inclusion of probiotic strains should be carried out only taking into account the specific application (type of animal of agricultural significance) and the extent to which the studied microorganisms and the substrate for microbial fermentation are suitable for this animal. The most important issue in this regard is the interaction of the living component with the inanimate one. At a minimum, substances that are part of probiotic feeds and feed additives should not inhibit the growth of target microorganisms. The ideal option is the ability to stimulate their growth or prebiotic activity.

scholarly journals Selected Alternative Feed Additives Used to Manipulate the Rumen Microbiome

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Marta Michalak ◽  
Konrad Wojnarowski ◽  
Paulina Cholewińska ◽  
Natalia Szeligowska ◽  
Marcel Bawej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Gelidium Amansii ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
General Recognition

In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.

scholarly journals Development of the composition of feed additives based on the developed algorithm, including the studied probiotic strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07007
Author(s):  
Galina Zelenkova ◽  
Alexey Zelenkov ◽  
Natalia Lesovaya ◽  
Antonina Pahomova ◽  
Alexander Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Positive Results

The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm for compounding feed mixtures with the inclusion of probiotic strains. The authors have developed the basic principles underlying the modeling of feed additive formulations. However, the introduction of viable cells of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) into the feed significantly increases the requirements for the level of design of feed products. Thus, the article describes the basic principles of the algorithm for designing feed products for poultry. A technological scheme for combining the components of the supplement and probiotic drugs has been developed. In accordance with the developed algorithm, the effect of such an active component of the feed additive as bentonite on the growth and survival of the target probiotic strains was tested. Feed mixtures with the inclusion of the probiotic strains under study were tested in the experiment on broiler chickens. The result of the study was positive results of the productivity of the raised poultry in the experimental groups.

9 What Would Be the Next Feed Amino Acid Based on a Microbial Point of View?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
So-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Global Amino acids market is estimated as $15billion in 2020 and 60% of those volume is used for feed additives. Amino acids are converted to protein efficiently and have a benefit of lowering feeding cost and reducing the nitrogen content of the waste output compared to intact protein diet. Most amino acids are produced using microbial fermentation. Traditionally, amino acids used for feed additives are Lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine. Among them methionine was produced only by chemical process, but now methionine can also be produced by microbial fermentation, which can enlarge the choice of methionine from DL-form to L-form. Use of L-form methionine as feed additives reveals new nutritional value of L-methionine compared to DL-methionine. Recently, valine, arginine, isoleucine, and histidine are also included in feeds as functional nutrients thanks to their commercial availability and lower price. Technical progress in microbiology and bioengineering has been made more diverse amino acid to be used as feed additives. Then what would be the next amino acid as feed additivities based on microbial point of view? Leucine, glutamine, tyrosine and phenylalanine could be next possible amino acids based on metabolic pathways of microorganism. These amino acids share the pathways with former feed amino acids such as valine or tryptophan, which means that these can be produced with way that is more economical. In addition, these amino acids could be produced as mixed forms like glutamic acid/glutamine mixture, Tryptophan/tyrosine/phenylalanine mixture, or BCAA forms with cheaper price. Dried fermentation product such as lysine sulfate made by drying of microbial culture broth, could be one of the option for the combination of several new amino acids. Crude protein reduction in feed is one of the big nutritional trend to reach the ideal protein diet and environmental clean situation. Considering the use of new synthetic amino acids in feeds would be a potential way to realize the ideal protein diet.

scholarly journals The role of the European small ruminant dairy sector in stabilising global temperatures: lessons from GWP* warming-equivalent emission metrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agustin del Prado ◽  
Pablo Manzano ◽  
Guillermo Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Climate Neutrality

Abstract Recent calls advocate that a huge reduction in the consumption of animal products (including dairy) is essential to mitigate climate change and stabilise global warming below the 1.5 and 2°C targets. The Paris Agreement states that to stabilise temperatures we must reach a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the second half of this century. Consequently, many countries have adopted overall GHG reduction targets (e.g. EU, at least 40% by 2030 compared to 1990). However, using conventional metric-equivalent emissions (CO2-e GWP100) as the basis to account for emissions does not result in capturing the effect on atmospheric warming of changing emission rates from short-lived GHG (e.g. methane: CH4), which are the main source of GHG emissions by small ruminants. This shortcoming could be solved by using warming-equivalent emissions (CO2-we, GWP*), which can accurately link annual GHG emission rates to its warming effect in the atmosphere. In our study, using this GWP* methodology and different modelling approaches, we first examined the historical (1990–2018) contribution of European dairy small ruminant systems to additional atmosphere warming levels and then studied different emission target scenarios for 2100. These scenarios allow us to envision the necessary reduction of GHG emissions from Europe's dairy small ruminants to achieve a stable impact on global temperatures, i.e. to be climatically neutral. Our analysis showed that, using this type of approach, the whole European sheep and goat dairy sector seems not to have contributed to additional warming in the period 1990–2018. Considering each subsector separately, increases in dairy goat production has led to some level of additional warming into the atmosphere, but these have been compensated by larger emission reductions in the dairy sheep sector. The estimations of warming for future scenarios suggest that to achieve climate neutrality, understood as not adding additional warming to the atmosphere, modest GHG reductions of sheep and goat GHG would be required (e.g. via feed additives). This reduction would be even lower if potential soil organic carbon (SOC) from associated pastures is considered.

Preparation of the copper-containing metallogels based on chitosan for biomedical and agricultural applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
A. A. Vikhrov ◽  
◽  
V. P. Zubov ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
Promising Alternative

It is well-known, due to the geological features in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, there may be a shortage of certain microelements and other important “nutrients” in animal diets. The main approach to solve this problem is to use special feed additives. At present, preparations based on organic sources, for example, metal-polymer complexes, are considered a promising alternative. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved method for preparation of the copper-containing polysaccharide complexes and to study their most important parameters. Using CuCl2 as an example, it was shown that the formation of chitosan hydrogels is possible without the usage of potentially hazardous cross-linking agents (for example, glutaraldehyde) or polyvalent anions (for example, SO4 2–), which provide non-covalent cross-linking of chitosan due to electrostatic interactions with NH3 + in its composition. It was found that, upon frontal «gelation» of a 2% chitosan solution (MM 400±100 kDa) in acetic acid (1 vol%), the formation of stable metal gels is observed provided that the content of CuCl2 and ethanol in the precipitant solution is more than 40 mg/ml or more than 24 vol.%, respectively (Vchitosan = Vprecipitant). The obtained complexes are stable in aqueous-alcoholic solutions and swell in water up to destruction (pH 5,5). After additional treatment with an aqueous 1,5% ammonia solution, complexes practically do not swell in solutions with ≥ pH 5,5 (at least τ = 6 days) and dissolve at pH ≤ 4,2. Thus, the use of these complexes is able to provide the release of Cu2 + not in the rumen (pH 6,3–7,2), but in the abomasum (pH ~ 3), which can increase the bioavailability of copper. The development of an improved method for obtaining metal-polysaccharide complexes in a gel form that does not contain «ballast» (in terms of nutritional value and physiology of farm animals) anions (for example, SO4 2–) opens up new opportunities for the development of highly effective feed additives for animal husbandry.

scholarly journals The nutritional applications of garlic (Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11934
Author(s):  
Jiashun Chen ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yexin Yin ◽  
Xiaokang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Markers

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies. Garlic contains several characteristic organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide, allicin (diallyl thiosulphate), γ-glutamylcysteine, and S-allyl cysteine (alliin) and ajoene, which garlic has beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and endothelial function in vitro or in animal model. These bioactive molecules are also playing pivotal role in livestock and fisheries production apart from its application in humans. Supplementation of animal feed with garlic and its related products is consistent with the modern agricultural concept of organic animal husbandry. This review compiles the information describing the effects of feeding garlic and its extracts on selected performance parameters in animals (chicken, rabbits, ruminants, pigs and fish). This review may provide reference for scientists and entrepreneurs to investigate the applications of feeds added with garlic and allicin by-products for the improvement of animal husbandry and aquatic production.

scholarly journals Rural women empowerment through small scale poultry farming: A case study of Vattamkulam model, Malappuram

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
S. L. Gayathri ◽  
M. Muhammed Asif
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Short Period

Abstract: The Animal husbandry department of Kerala and local self-government department and Kudumbashree mission has started a plan during 2018-19 entitled “Backyard broiler farming” at Vattamkulam Gramapanchayath, Edappal, Malappuram district. The said plan was advertised as ‘Earn money at your doorstep through broiler farming’ and was welcomed by more than 40 household women. The farmers who owned a land area, not less than 10 cents were selected for this model. The local self- Government provided the shelter arrangements including cages for free of cost. The Animal husbandry department has supplied chicks (Day old Cobb varieties) and feed and aided Kudumbashree unit to market these broilers. The speciality of broiler farming is that within a short period (35 – 40 days) a chick gains an average weight of 2 – 2.3 kg, which can be sold at market to earn a reasonable margin of profit for farmers. The usual mortality rate was 5% for broiler farming, but it was less than 2 % in this model. Modified vaccination protocol against the viral disease Gumboro (I.B.D), has been adopted for this model to reduce the mortality rate. Also, antibiotics as feed additives were not supplemented in this model. Within 40 days, these women entrepreneurs are getting a good profit from meat production alone. This broiler meat is marketed under the brand name of Vattamkulam Safe Chicken. The Vattamkulam backyard broiler farming helps the household women support themselves and provide safe and quality meat to society in which they belong. Keywords: Women empowerment, Vattamkulam Model, Broiler farming

BACKGROUND CONTENT OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN DETOXIFYING AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
G.А. Zhorov ◽  
◽  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
V.N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Active Substances

For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.

Digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
L. P. Yarmots ◽  
G. A. Yarmots ◽  
A. E. Belenkaya ◽  
M. O. Smyshlyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Positive Effect

Unbalanced mineral and vitamin nutrition of lactating cows can be a critical factor in the realization of their productive potential. The development and introduction into production of inexpensive, but effective feed additives is the main trend of improving the feeding of modern animal husbandry. Under the conditions of the Tyumen region such natural raw materials can be sapropels, which successfully combine a variety of biologically active substances. The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration. Scientifi c and economic experiment in the study of the effectiveness of feeding sapropel lake Nepryak has been carried out in the training and experimental farm of the State Northern Trans-Urals Agrarian University. The animals of the control group have been fed the main diet. Cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups have been fed 300 and 500 g of sapropel per head/day, respectively, in addition to the main ration. It has been found as a result of research that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients. The digestibility coefficients were higher in the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups compared with the cows of the control group. Cows from the experimental groups digested all the organic substances of the ration better. During the experiment period cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups in contrast to the control group had higher milk yield by 11,31 and 10,38 %, respectively, milk protein yield by 10,56 and 5,95 %, milk fat yield by 17,18 and 12,99 %. It has been established that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has the positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients, contributes to the increase of milk productivity, normalizes the metabolism in the body.

scholarly journals Oxytetracycline and Monensin Uptake by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass from Dairy Manure-Applied Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Sheldon S. Hilaire ◽  
Barbara Bellows ◽  
Jeff A. Brady ◽  
James P. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Plant Matter

To address concerns regarding the potential impact of antibiotic use in animal husbandry on antibiotic resistance in humans, we conducted a greenhouse-based study examining uptake of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and monensin (MON) by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass (T85), the most commonly grown forage grass in the southeastern U.S.A. Since oxytetracycline is used in both veterinary and human medicine, its accumulation in animal products could impact human resistance to this antibiotic. Monensin is not used in human medicine but has a high potential for accumulating in the environment. Our research examined antibiotic uptake by forage grass T85, the effect of dairy manure application on its uptake, and antibiotic retention in soil. We compared unspiked, wet dairy manure to wet dairy manure spiked with MON or OTC that was soil surface applied to pots or incorporated into soil. After 6 wk, plant stem/leaf and root tissue, as well as soil samples, were assessed for antibiotic residues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results confirmed Tifton 85 MON and OTC uptake. Six weeks after adding the antibiotics, the greatest plant matter OTC and MON contents were 157.9 ± 70.6 and 234.4 ± 19.6 µg kg−1, respectively, and 17.6 and 369.5 µg kg−1, respectively, for soil. When spiked with OTC, manure incorporation led to decreased OTC uptake by T85 tissue. Bioaccumulation of these antimicrobials in livestock and in the environment is a potential concern for animal, environmental, and human health.

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