Assessment of Antigout, Antioxidant and Production Performance Augmenting Activity of Piper betle L. in Gout Induced Broiler Chicken

Background: The gout is commonly reported in birds and causes severe economic losses to the farmers. Hence to prevent the gout occurrence P.betle L. herb was selected and its antigout potential was studied in comparison with Allopurinol.Methods: The biological experiment was conducted with 120 broiler chicks and was divided into 5 treatment groups of 8 birds each with triplicate study for six weeks. The groups were control (T1), gout control (T2), Allopurinol (T3), P.betle L. - 10 g/kg (T4) and P.betle L. - 12.5 g/kg of feed (T5). The gout was induced using toxic dose of sodium bicarbonate in water (20 g/litre). The clinical signs and production performance were recorded and gross and histopathology studies were conducted. Serum biochemical parameters viz., uric acid and creatinine were periodically estimated (day 10, 15, 18 and 42 of trial) and anti-oxidant and xanthine oxidase enzyme activity were measured.Result: The production performances and the antioxidant activity were improved in P.betle L. groups and even better than Allopurinol. Also progressive reduction of uric acid and equivalent suppression of xanthine oxidase activity as that of Allopurinol were observed. Hence P.betle L. herb can be used effectively in the prevention of gout in birds.

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Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p1919 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 1919

Author(s):

Átilla Holanda de Albuquerque ◽

Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira ◽

Débora Nishi Machado ◽

Elisângela De Souza Lopes ◽

Ruben Horn Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Columba Livia ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Fecal Samples

Several cases of animal and human salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium have been reported. In animals, subclinical infection favors pathogen dissemination through feces. In this context, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) with an asymptomatic condition may play an important role in the transmission of salmonellosis, through the elimination of contaminated feces in commercial aviaries or in poultry feed facilities, causing economic losses to the poultry industry and presenting a risk to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality, clinical signs and the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces and organs of chicks previously inoculated with bacteria isolated from a pigeon. One-day-old chicks were distributed in two experimental groups (G1 and G2) of 32 birds each, and a control group of six birds. Two inocula of 0.4 and 0.7 mL with 105 and 106 colony forming units were used in G1 and G2 birds, respectively. At 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) fecal samples were pooled from each cage and individual cloacal swabs were collected. At 14 dpi, all chicks were euthanized and samples were collected from the liver, spleen, lung, cecum and intestine for microbiological analysis. Mortality was only observed among G2 birds (6.25%). Most birds presented clinical signs of diarrhea at 4 dpi and no symptom as observed at 14 dpi. The results from cloacal swabs demonstrated bacterial elimination in 68.8% and 53.1% of G2 and G1 birds, respectively at 1 dpi. Additionally, fecal samples had elevated bacterial shedding in all four periods of observation , with a higher excretion at 4 dpi (62.5%) for both groups. Among G2 birds, 74.2% were positive for the pathogen in the intestine; G1 birds presented the lowest rate of lung infection (29%), and both groups had more than 50% positivity for liver and caeca. The results revealed that infected chicks with a Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from pigeons may host the pathogen in several organs, and simultaneously present diarrheic disorders with significant levels of bacterial excretion in feces.

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Influence of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment on the outcome of Enterococcus cecorum infection and on the cecal microbiota in broilers

Gut Pathogens ◽

10.1186/s13099-021-00467-9 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jana Schreier ◽

Daniela Karasova ◽

Magdalena Crhanova ◽

Ivan Rychlik ◽

Silke Rautenschlein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Skeletal Disease ◽

Enterococcal Species ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

The Impact ◽

Enterococcus Cecorum

Abstract Background Enterococcus cecorum (EC) is one of the main reasons for skeletal disease in meat type chickens. Intervention strategies are still rare and focus mainly on early antibiotic treatment of the disease, although there are no data available concerning the effectivity of this procedure. The present study aimed to investigate the effectivity of early lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life after EC-infection. Furthermore, the impact of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment and EC infection on the development of cecal microbiota was investigated. Methods A total of 383 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups (non-infected and non-treated, non-infected and treated, EC-infected and non-treated, and EC-infected and treated). The EC-infected groups were inoculated orally with an EC suspension at the day of arrival and at study day 3. The treatment groups were treated with lincomycin-spectinomycin via the drinking water for six consecutive days, starting two hours after the first inoculation. Necropsy of 20 chickens per group was performed at study days 7, 14, 21, and 42. Bacteriological examination via culture and real-time PCR was performed to detect EC in different extraintestinal organs. Cecal samples of nine chickens per group and necropsy day were analyzed to characterize the composition of the cecal microbiota. Results No clinical signs or pathologic lesions were found at necropsy, and EC was not detected in extraintestinal organs of the EC-infected and treated birds. Lincomycin-spectinomycin promoted the growth of the bacterial genus Escherichia/Shigella and reduced the amount of potentially beneficial Lactobacillus spp. in the ceca regardless of EC-infection. Unexpectedly, the highest abundances of the genus Enterococcus were found directly after ending antibiotic treatment in both treatment groups, suggesting the growth of resistant enterococcal species. EC was not detected among the most abundant members of the genus Enterococcus. Oral EC-infection at the first day of life did not influence the development of cecal microbiota in the present study. Conclusions Lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life can prevent the EC-associated disease in broiler type chickens and has a direct impact on the development of the cecal microbiota. The low abundance of EC in the ceca of infected chickens underlines the pathogenic nature of the disease-causing EC strains. Further research on alternative prevention and intervention strategies is needed with regard to current efforts on reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock animals.

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Antihyperurisemic Activity of Aqueous Celery Infusion by Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme Inhibition

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.38500 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atiqoh Zummah ◽

Rahma Diyan Martha

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Uv Spectrophotometry ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Acid Product ◽

Inhibitory Ability ◽

Water Infusion ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The World ◽

Oxidase Enzyme

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder because of excessive uric acid production. The high prevalence of hyperuresemia in the world, especially in Indonesia makes the research of antihyperurisemia drugs very needed today. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of water infusion extract from celery stems and leaves to inhibited xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine oxidase enzyme plays a role in change of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then becomes uric acid. The activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme was determined by UV spectrophotometry method and using xanthine substrate. Absorption at 290 nm indicates the presence of a uric acid product from xanthine oxidation by the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Infused extract which has the smallest absorption at 290 nm showed a better inhibitory ability of the xanthine oxidase enzyme because the change of xanthine substrate to uric acid is inhibited. The result showed the celery stems water infusion extract had better inhibition activity than celery leaves water infusion extract. The best inhibition percentage of celery stems water infusion was 90,25%, while the celery leaves water infusion was 69.07% both of at 20% concentration. The type inhibition of celery stems water infusion extract to xanthine oxidase enzyme showed an uncompetitive inhibition type because showed change in Km and Vmax values. Km and Vmax values before the addition of water infusion of celery stems were 104.33 ppm and 3.83 U/mL respectively changed to 74.49 ppm and 2.69 U/mL after the addition of extract.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERURISEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus Norvegicus)

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.10.2021.32765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 730

Author(s):

Frinsia Rutly Mokalu ◽

Widdhi Bodhi ◽

Julianri S. Lebang

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Acid Value ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Anova Test ◽

Antioxidants Activity ◽

Treatment Groups

ABSTRACT Kumis Kucing Leaves (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) contains flavonoid compounds that has antioxidants activity that inhibits the action of the enzyme xanthine oxidase with reduced uric acid as result. This research is done to find out the effects antihyperuricemia ethanol extract of Kumis Kucing leaves on male white rat (Rattus norvegicus). 15 rats were used in this research and there were 5 treatment groups that is negative control (NACMC 1%), positive control (Allopurinol) 1,8 mg, and Kumis Kucing leaves extract group with dosage of 4,5 mg, 9 mg, 18 mg. The result of this research showed a decrease on uric acid value after ethanol extract of Kumis Kucing leave were given. The next result of this research used ANOVA test and LSD test, that showed the ethanol extract of Kumis Kucing leave had Antihyperuricemia activity on male white rat.Keywords: Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume.) Miq., Antihyperuricemia, Rattus norvegicus. ABSTRAK Daun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang dapat menghambat kerja enzim xantin oksidase sehingga pembentukan asam urat berkurang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek antihiperurisemia ekstrak etanol daun kumis kucing, terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor tikus dan terdapat 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol negatif (NaCMC 1%), kontrol positif (Allopurinol) 1,8 mg, dan kelompok ekstrak daun kumis kucing dengan dosis 4,5 mg, 9 mg, 18 mg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai asam urat mengalami penurunan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol daun kumis kucing. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD, menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kumis kucing memiliki aktivitas antihiperurisemia terhadap tikus putih jantan. Kata kunci: Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume.) Miq., Antihiperurisemia, Rattus norvegicus

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Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Wang ◽

Yibin Xu ◽

Shengliang Xu ◽

Jinyong Yang ◽

Kaiying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Intestinal Lesions ◽

Colony Forming Units

Along with banning antibiotics, necrotic enteritis (NE), especially subclinical enteritis (SNE), poses a significant threat to the chicken industry; however, probiotics are a potentially promising intervention. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 (BS) on the treatment of Clostridium perfringens (CP)-induced SNE in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three treatment groups, namely control (Ctr), SNE, and BS treatment (BST) groups, all of which were fed with a basal died for 21days, and then from day 22 onward, only the BST group had a BS supplemented diet (1×109 colony-forming units BS/kg). On day 15, all chicks, except the Ctr group, were challenged with a 20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine and 1ml CP (2×108) on days 18–21 for SNE induction. Beneficial effects were observed on growth performance in BST compared to SNE broilers. BST treatment alleviated intestinal lesions and increased the villus height/crypt depth ratio. Further, BST broilers showed increased maltase activity in the duodenum compared with SNE chicks, and a significantly decreased caspase-3 protein expression in the jejunum mucosa. Moreover, an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Bifidobacterium beneficial gut bacteria and an altered gut metabolome were observed. Taken together, we demonstrate that the manipulation of microbial gut composition using probiotics may be a promising prevention strategy for SNE by improving the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Hence, BS potentially has active ingredients that may be used as antibiotic substitutes and effectively reduces the economic losses caused by SNE. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for BS application in broiler feed in the future.

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Gene expression in the kidneys of broilers fed ochratoxin A for different time periods

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2014.1873 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 257-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.P. Zeferino ◽

K.D. Wells ◽

A.S.A.M.T. Moura ◽

R.A. Murarolli ◽

G.E. Rottinghaus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Time Periods

Consumption of ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminated diets by broilers results in economic losses to the poultry industry. This experiment evaluated the effects of quantity and time of exposure to dietary OTA on performance, organ weights, serum biochemistry, and renal gene expression of chicks. Determination of genes expressed in response to OTA will allow for the identification of pathways that are influenced by OTA. 180-day old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments (3 levels of OTA; 0, 1 and 2 mg OTA/kg diet and 3 time periods; 7, 14 and 21 days) with 4 replicate pens of 5 birds each per treatment. For RNA-sequencing analysis (RNA-Seq), kidney samples were collected weekly from 3 controls and 3 chicks fed 1 mg OTA/kg. NextGENe software was used for read alignment and transcript quantification. Birds fed 2 mg OTA/kg diet had decreased feed intake and body weight gain, and increased serum uric acid on days 14 and 21. Compared to controls, birds fed 2 mg OTA/kg diet also had poorer feed conversion and increased kidney weights. On day 21, birds fed 1 mg OTA/kg diet had decreased albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. Genes associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were downregulated, and genes associated with the immune system were upregulated at days 7 and 14. Genes associated with lipid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation were also downregulated on day 14. These changes disappeared on day 21 suggesting that the kidney and other related organs were repaired or the damage was contained. In conclusion, decreased performance and increased kidney weight and serum uric acid in birds fed 2 mg OTA/kg confirmed the effects of OTA. Supplementation of 1 mg OTA/kg diet caused time-dependent alterations in renal gene expression in chicks.

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Flavonoid isolation and identification of mother-in-law’s tongue leaves (sansevieria trifasciata) and the inhibitory activities to xanthine oxidase enzyme

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186703011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 03011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah ◽

Angelina ◽

Mauhibah Yumna ◽

Rita Arbianti ◽

Tania Surya Utami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

The Body ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Antioxidant Agent

Hyperuricemia is a disease that is characterized by high uric acid levels, in which the number of victim increase year by year in the worldwide. Flavonoid is an active compound with inhibitory activity towards Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme which is a compound that plays a role in the formation of uric acid in the body. Sansevieria trifasciata is an ornamental plant which is also useful as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant agent. Studies of S. trifasciata as Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme inhibitor have not been reported. This research isolate flavonoid compounds using open column chromatography from crude extract of S. trifasciata leaves that extracted by sonication method. There are six eluent used to isolate flavonoid which are methanol : ethyl acetate, chloroform : ethyl acetate, chloroform : ethyl acetate : methanol. Wilstater test is used to select the fraction that rich of flavonoid. The best result from isolation step that contains flavonoid is assessed the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase. It is analyzed qualitative using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The inhibition percentage showed that fraction 3 was potential to inhibit XO by 85.48 %. LC-MS chromatogram can show that crude extract and positive fraction of isolation were containing falvonoid.

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Therapeutic Evaluation of Neemazal® Against Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infection in Broiler Chickens, Jos - Nigeria

Journal of Parasite Research ◽

10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-20-3346 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 15-25

Author(s):

Goni Abraham Dogo ◽

Bi-Allah Bukar Markus ◽

Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe ◽

Gloria Pisha Karaye ◽

David Oshadu

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Eimeria Species ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Negative Control ◽

Performance Data ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Post Inoculation

Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the Eimeria species, which is responsible for worldwide economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluated the therapeutic effect of NeemAzal® on Eimeria tenellain broiler Chickens as compared to Amprolium as a standard anticoccidial drug. A total of One Hundred and Sixty (160) broiler chicks were purchased, acclimatized and randomly divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 & G4). G1 non-infected, non-treated (negative control), (G2) infected with 20000 E. tenella oocysts (positive control), (G3) infected and treated with Amprolium (Standard, 7 mg/kg b.w. for 5 days) and (G4) infected and treated with NeemAzal®200 mg/kg b.w. for 5 days). Evaluation was by clinical signs, performance data (weight gain, oocyst shed/gram faeces (OPG) and histopathology of the Caecum, Liver and Kidney. The data showed that birds infected with E. tenellahad an output of 1.3×105±3,333 oocysts per gram faeces on day 5 post inoculation. This output is significantly decreased to 0.37×105±3,111 oocysts in neem-treated birds. Infection with E. tenellainduced marked histopathological alterations in the caecum in the form of inflammation, vacuolation of the epithelium, and destruction of some villi. NeemAzal® decrease body weight loss of infected chickens. Moreover, the number of goblet cells stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) within the infected villi was significantly lowered (P≤0.05). The results revealed that chicks of G1 had the best performance data compared to G2, G3& G4. In G3 & G4 there were a remarkable improvement in the data on performance, clinical signs, gross and microscopically caecal lesions compared to G2. Amprolium (G3) was shown to be superior to NeemAzal® (G4) compared to G2. NeemAzal® could be a good alternative for use as a coccidiostat to supplement the expensive anti-coccidiostats in the market.

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Effect of early post-hatch nutrition on production performance of commercial broiler chicken

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0iof.4569 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Samapika Mahapatra ◽

G. Srinivasan ◽

Asha R. Rajini ◽

A. Mangala Gowri

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Production Performance ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Nutrient ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Very High

The study was conducted to access the effect of early post-hatch nutrition regimens on the productive performance of 384 number of commercial broiler chicken (Cobb 400). Different nutrient regimens include glucose and probiotic alone in hatcher tray and first day in pen and a high and very high density diet of 25 and 27 per cent dietary crude protein respectively and 3100 kcal ME/kg diet in hatcher tray and subsequent three days in pen along with glucose and probiotic alone in hatcher tray and first day in pen was provided. Later, all broiler chicks were switched over to the recommended commercial Cobb broiler diet up to 42 days. Body weight, feed efficiency and breast muscle fibre diameter were significantly higher in treatment groups. No significant difference existed between different treatment groups for hatchability, livability percent, carcass characteristics and cut up parts. Trimmable fat per cent was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in control birds. It may be concluded that early post hatch nutrition with high nutrient dense diet resulted in better production performance in commercial broiler chicken.

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An Amperometric Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme Electrode Based on Hydrogen Peroxide Electroreduction

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2002-9-1021 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (9-10) ◽

pp. 883-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nina Dimcheva ◽

Elena Horozova ◽

Zinaida Jordanova

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Enzyme Electrode ◽

Electrochemical System ◽

Working Surface ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Electroreduction ◽

Enzyme Layer

A xanthine oxidase enzyme electrode (xanthine oxidase immobilized on electrochemically modified graphite and conveniently coated with gelatine electrode working surface) for quantitative analysis of xanthine is proposed. The detection of thus developed electrochemical system is based on the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide generated in enzyme layer and offered l-ascorbic and uric acid reducing interference effect on the substrate determination. At a working potential −50 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) the detection limit of 4.5 μm and the linearity of the amperometric signal up to substrate concentration of about 40 μm were found. At that working potential, the electrode is practically inert towards l-ascorbic- and uric acid present. The response time did not exceed 2 min.

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